Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 1-25.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.01.001
Yongmei Hu, Jing Yuan
Online:
2021-01-20
Published:
2021-01-18
Yongmei Hu, Jing Yuan. Which is More Important for Students’ Academic Performance: Response to the Debate about the Role of Schooling and Parenting from the Coleman Report[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(1): 1-25.
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变量名 | 变量说明与计分方式 |
结果变量 | |
标准化测验成绩 | 统一测试的语文和数学成绩,分别将四年级和八年级学生样本的语文和数学成绩标准化,然后求取标准化成绩的均值 |
学生水平 | |
性别 | 源自学生问卷:0=男,1=女 |
是否单亲 | 源自学生问卷:0=非单亲家庭,1=单亲家庭 |
是否独生子女 | 源自学生问卷:0=非独生子女,1=独生子女 |
家庭SES | 源自学生问卷:由父母受教育水平、父母职业地位、家庭经济资源合成 |
课外补习时间 | 源自学生问卷:1=没有,2=3小时以下,3=3~6小时,4=6~8小时,5=8小时及以上。在计量模型中,以“没有参加补习”为参照组,构建“3小时以下”和“3小时及以上”2个虚拟变量 |
父母参与学习 | 源自学生问卷:由4个题目构成,5点计分“每天或几乎每天”→“从不或几乎从不”,反向计分后求取均值 |
父母参与生活 | 源自学生问卷:由5个题目构成,5点计分“每天或几乎每天”→“从不或几乎从不”,反向计分后求取均值 |
父母教育期望 | 源自家长问卷:1=初中,2=中专或职业高中,3=普通高中,4=大专,5=大学本科,6=研究生。在计量模型中,以“本科以下”教育期望为参照组,定义为0,“本科及以上”教育期望定义为1 |
学校水平 | |
是否初中 | 0=小学,1=初中 |
家庭平均SES | 源自学生问卷:由学生层面SES汇总至学校层面家庭平均SES |
本科及以上学历 教师比例 | 源自教师问卷:0=本科以下学历,1=本科及以上学历。在计量模型中,汇总为学校层面本科及以上学历教师比例 |
高级职称教师比例 | 源自教师问卷:0=非高级职称,1=高级职称(小学包括一级、高级、正高级职称;初中包括高级和正高级职称)。在计量模型中,汇总为学校层面高级职称教师比例 |
教师平均教龄 | 源自教师问卷:少于1年定义为0.5年,20年以上定义为21年,其他各组取中值。在计量模型中,汇总为学校层面教师平均教龄 |
教师教学策略 | 源自学生问卷:教师教学策略量表由13个题目构成,5点计分:“从不”→“总是”,求取均值后,汇总为学校层面数据 |
生均教育经费 (单位:百元) | 源自校长问卷:由校长汇报的学校总经费收入与学生总数之比合成 |
薄弱学科教师充足度 | 源自校长问卷:小学包括6门学科 |
生师比 | 源自校长问卷:由校长汇报的学校学生数与教师数之比合成 |
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固定效应 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | 模型4 |
学校水平 | ||||
是否初中(1=是) | 0.107***(0.015) | 0.030(0.017) | 0.110***(0.021) | 0.078**(0.023) |
家庭平均SES | 0.471***(0.017) | 0.420***(0.017) | 0.229***(0.017) | 0.224***(0.018) |
本科及以上学历教师比例 | 0.268***(0.035) | 0.225***(0.035) | ||
高级职称教师比例 | 0.129**(0.038) | 0.099*(0.038) | ||
教师平均教龄 | 0.016***(0.002) | 0.015***(0.002) | ||
教师教学策略 | 0.435***(0.017) | 0.400***(0.017) | ||
生均教育经费(单位:百元) | 0.0007***(0.0001) | 0.0005***(0.0008) | ||
薄弱学科教师充足度 | 0.060***(0.011) | 0.028**(0.010) | ||
生师比 | ?0.007***(0.002) | ?0.001(0.002) | ||
学生水平 | ||||
性别 | 0.132***(0.003) | 0.132***(0.003) | 0.131***(0.003) | 0.131***(0.003) |
是否独生子女 | 0.102***(0.004) | 0.103***(0.004) | 0.102***(0.004) | 0.103***(0.004) |
是否单亲 | ?0.095***(0.006) | ?0.098***(0.006) | ?0.096***(0.006) | ?0.098***(0.006) |
家庭SES | 0.106***(0.003) | 0.109***(0.003) | 0.107***(0.003) | 0.110***(0.003) |
常数项 | ?0.429***(0.013) | ?0.546***(0.052) | ?2.551***(0.091) | ?2.062***(0.091) |
家庭投入变量a | 有 | 有 | 有 | 有 |
随机效应 | ||||
Level1 variance | 0.5354 | 0.5378 | 0.5350 | 0.5374 |
Level2 variance | 0.1419 | 0.1269 | 0.1026 | 0.0971 |
ICC | 0.2095 | 0.1909 | 0.1609 | 0.1531 |
pseudo R2 Level1b (effect size) | 0.194 | 0.207 | 0.238 | 0.240 |
pseudo R2 Level2b (effect size) | 0.423 | 0.466 | 0.564 | 0.576 |
Level1样本量 | 256180 | 239340 | 254246 | 237789 |
Level2样本量 | 2864 | 2754 | 2843 | 2738 |
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固定效应 | 模型5 | 模型6 | 模型7 | 模型8 | 模型9 | 模型10 |
学校水平 | ||||||
是否初中 (1=是) | 0.022 (0.023) | 0.015 (0.023) | ?0.035 (0.025) | 0.194*** (0.026) | 0.148*** (0.026) | 0.161*** (0.027) |
家庭平均SES | 0.273*** (0.018) | 0.270*** (0.018) | 0.221*** (0.018) | 0.271*** (0.018) | 0.271*** (0.018) | 0.221*** (0.018) |
学生水平 | ||||||
性别 | 0.163*** (0.003) | 0.164*** (0.003) | 0.132*** (0.003) | 0.161*** (0.003) | 0.161*** (0.003) | 0.129*** (0.003) |
是否独生子女 | 0.111*** (0.004) | 0.108*** (0.004) | 0.104*** (0.004) | 0.112*** (0.004) | 0.111*** (0.004) | 0.103*** (0.004) |
是否单亲 | ?0.121*** (0.006) | ?0.121*** (0.006) | ?0.100*** (0.006) | ?0.122*** (0.006) | ?0.118*** (0.006) | ?0.098*** (0.006) |
家庭SES | 0.141*** (0.003) | 0.140*** (0.003) | 0.112*** (0.003) | 0.142*** (0.003) | 0.138*** (0.003) | 0.109*** (0.003) |
课外补习-3小时以下 | ?0.060*** (0.004) | ?0.078*** (0.004) | ||||
课外补习-3小时及以上 | 0.048*** (0.004) | 0.026*** (0.004) | ||||
父母参与子女学习 | 0.019*** (0.002) | 0.007** (0.003) | ||||
父母参与子女学习*初中 | ?0.051*** (0.003) | ?0.053*** (0.004) | ||||
父母参与子女生活 | 0.028*** (0.002) | 0.026*** (0.003) | ||||
父母参与子女生活*初中 | ?0.038*** (0.003) | ?0.009* (0.004) | ||||
父母教育期望-本科及以上 | 0.544*** (0.008) | 0.539*** (0.008) | ||||
父母教育期望*初中 | 0.136*** (0.010) | 0.145*** (0.010) | ||||
常数项 | ?2.062*** (0.091) | ?2.072*** (0.091) | ?2.436*** (0.089) | ?2.099*** (0.091) | ?2.100*** (0.091) | ?2.483*** (0.089) |
学校投入变量a | 有 | 有 | 有 | 有 | 有 | 有 |
随机效应 | ||||||
Level 1 variance | 0.5794 | 0.5778 | 0.5398 | 0.5776 | 0.5780 | 0.5362 |
Level 2 variance | 0.1033 | 0.1029 | 0.0979 | 0.1033 | 0.1029 | 0.0974 |
ICC | 0.1513 | 0.1512 | 0.1535 | 0.1517 | 0.1511 | 0.1537 |
pseudo R2 Level1b (effect size) | 0.197 | 0.199 | 0.240 | 0.197 | 0.196 | 0.241 |
pseudo R2 Level2b (effect size) | 0.563 | 0.563 | 0.577 | 0.559 | 0.560 | 0.575 |
Level 1样本量 | 260356 | 259683 | 241221 | 257762 | 257474 | 237789 |
Level 2样本量 | 2745 | 2745 | 2738 | 2745 | 2745 | 2738 |
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小学 | 初中 | |||||||
shapley 值分解 R2(%) | Owen值 分解1组群 R2(%) | Owen值 分解2组群 R2(%) | Owen值 分解3组群 R2(%) | shapley值 分解R2(%) | Owen值 分解1组群 R2(%) | Owen值 分解2组群 R2(%) | Owen值 分解3组群 R2(%) | |
本科级及以上学历 教师比例 | 4.23 | 49.60 | 40.04 | 41.11 | 6.15 | 53.30 | 48.28 | 43.44 |
高级职称教师比例 | 5.80 | 7.80 | ||||||
教师平均教龄 | 4.80 | 6.77 | ||||||
教师教学策略 | 17.03 | 20.30 | ||||||
生均教育经费 (单位:百元) | 4.76 | 12.84 | 2.31 | 6.74 | ||||
薄弱学科教师充足度 | 4.99 | 1.76 | ||||||
生师比 | 1.07 | 0.48 | ||||||
父母参与子女学习 | 9.29 | 50.40 | 47.12 | 28.76 | 7.31 | 46.70 | 44.98 | 25.36 |
父母参与子女生活 | 13.44 | 6.97 | ||||||
父母教育期望-本科及以上比例 | 13.06 | 16.11 | ||||||
平均课外补习时间 | 2.30 | 3.29 | 5.38 | 7.51 | ||||
家庭平均SES | 19.23 | 26.84 | 18.65 | 23.68 |
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