“美德—心智”视阈下我国学生学习概念的发展——基于字词联想测验的实证研究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 学习概念是从主位视角出发的学习观，是指学生个体对学习现象和学习经验所持有的直觉认识的综合。华裔美国学者李瑾教授在上个世纪末采用字词联想测验范式，以成人大学生为被试，对学习概念结构进行了系统的跨文化比较研究，提出西方人的学习模式为“心智导向”，而东亚人的学习模式为“美德导向”。本研究对李瑾的研究方法做了必要的修正，据此对小学一年级至大学三年级的我们中国学生进行调查，探究我国学生学习概念的发展变化情况。研究发现，随着学龄的增长，我国学生的学习概念呈现出由“美德主导”向“德智并重”转变的发展趋势。这说明，在我国“美德导向”的学习传统依然根植在我国，但全球性的文化交融以及现代化教育对心智开发的更加重视导致了我国学生学习概念中“心智导向”的成分亦不断增长。在可以预见的未来，“美德导向”与“心智导向”的分野必将进一步缩小直至消失，而“心智”与“美德”平衡并重的教育模式也应当成为全球化背景下东西方彼此互鉴的育人理想。

关键词: 学习概念, 美德导向, 心智导向

Abstract: Students’ learning concepts, i.e., epistemological beliefs about learning from emic perspective, have resulted from their intuition about learning phenomena and the experience. In the late 20^th century, Chinese American Professor Jin Li conducted systematic research on structural differences between Western and East Asian learning concept models, using adult college students as subjects and Word Association Tests. She concluded that Western way of learning emphasizes on “Mind Orientation” while Chinese or Asian learning model focuses on “Virtue Orientation”. We examined the development of learning concepts among Chinese students ranging from first graders of primary school to college juniors, with some amendments to Li’s methods. The result shows that Chinese learning concepts evolve with age from “Virtue Only Model” to “Virtue and Mind Model”. This is because virtue-oriented learning tradition is deeply rooted in today’s Chinese students, but global cultural integration and modern education system have also brought about increasing element of mind model. For the foreseeable future, the gap between Virtue and Mind models is sure to be narrowed and even eliminated. And the ideal education vision of learning model should pay balanced attention to both virtue and mind.

Key words: learning concepts, virtue orientation, mind orientation

高瑞翔, 曾麒源, 范志灵, 吴嘉政, 李依娜, 范尹晴, 莫雷. “美德—心智”视阈下我国学生学习概念的发展——基于字词联想测验的实证研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2020, 38(4): 83-95.

Gao Ruixiang, Zeng Qiyuan, Fan Zhiling, Wu Jiazheng, Li Yina, Fan Yinqing, Mo Lei. An Empirical Research Based on Word Association Tests: The Development of Learning Concepts among Chinese Students from the Perspective of “Virtue and Mind Model”[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(4): 83-95.

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