华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 72-83.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.07.007
李佳哲, 胡咏梅
出版日期:
2021-07-01
发布日期:
2021-07-02
基金资助:
Jiazhe Li, Yongmei Hu
Online:
2021-07-01
Published:
2021-07-02
摘要:
家庭教育对于中小学生的学业成绩具有重要影响。文章采用HLM模型和路径分析模型探究中小学生家长学习参与对子女学业成绩的影响,研究发现:(1)小学生学业成绩随着家长学习参与频率的增加而提高,而初中生家长学习参与频率与子女学业成绩之间呈现“倒U”型关系。(2)对于亲子关系较好的小学生,家长学习参与频率的增加有利于其学业成绩的提升;但对于亲子关系较差的中小学生,家长要适度控制其参与子女学习的频率,以促使子女获得良好的学业成绩。(3)学习自信心在中小学生家长学习参与和子女学业成绩之间发挥中介作用。(4)亲子关系在中小学生家长学习参与和子女学习自信心之间发挥调节作用,并进而对子女的学业成绩产生积极影响。由此,建议中小学生家长构建和谐的亲子关系,初中生家长适度控制对子女学习的参与频率,采用适合子女的学习参与方式,努力提升学习参与质量。此外,在参与子女学习的过程中,要注重鼓励式教育提升子女的学习自信心。
李佳哲, 胡咏梅. 家长学习参与和中小学生学业成绩的关系研究——基于亲子关系和学习自信心的有中介的调节模型分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(7): 72-83.
Jiazhe Li, Yongmei Hu. A Study on the Relationship between Parental Learning Involvement and Academic Performance of Primary and Secondary School Students——Based on the Analysis of a Moderating Model with Mediator about Parent-Child Relationship and Students’ Learning Confidence[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(7): 72-83.
表 1
不同特征中小学生家长学习参与和学习成绩的差异分析结果"
变量 | 类别 | 小学五年级 | 初中九年级 | |||||||||||||
家长学习参与 | 学生学业成绩 | 家长学习参与 | 学生学业成绩 | |||||||||||||
均值 | 标准差 | 样本量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 样本量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 样本量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 样本量 | |||||
性别 | 男 | 4.03 | 0.96 | 34961 | 529.02 | 81.15 | 34609 | 3.66 | 1.07 | 26001 | 512.40 | 87.91 | 25428 | |||
女 | 4.09 | 0.90 | 30118 | 538.80 | 73.18 | 29908 | 3.64 | 1.02 | 21644 | 535.52 | 78.29 | 21406 | ||||
t | ?8.17*** | ?15.99*** | 1.90* | ?29.80*** | ||||||||||||
独生子女 | 否 | 4.02 | 0.95 | 51317 | 526.06 | 76.98 | 50890 | 3.59 | 1.05 | 37488 | 515.26 | 82.14 | 36867 | |||
是 | 4.19 | 0.88 | 13762 | 561.53 | 73.93 | 13627 | 3.86 | 1.03 | 10157 | 551.52 | 86.67 | 9965 | ||||
t | ?18.95*** | ?48.17*** | ?22.45*** | ?38.64*** | ||||||||||||
家庭结构 | 非完整 | 3.80 | 1.09 | 4003 | 515.21 | 84.19 | 3949 | 3.38 | 1.19 | 3537 | 509.19 | 85.15 | 3401 | |||
完整 | 4.07 | 0.92 | 61076 | 534.75 | 77.12 | 60568 | 3.67 | 1.03 | 44108 | 524.06 | 84.29 | 43430 | ||||
t | ?17.71*** | ?15.34*** | ?16.11*** | ?9.90*** | ||||||||||||
住校 | 否 | 4.07 | 0.93 | 61727 | 535.63 | 76.66 | 61216 | 3.71 | 1.08 | 32032 | 516.81 | 83.25 | 31499 | |||
是 | 3.75 | 1.05 | 3352 | 494.98 | 86.53 | 3301 | 3.52 | 0.97 | 15613 | 535.65 | 85.46 | 15333 | ||||
t | 19.58*** | 29.48*** | 18.83*** | ?22.79*** |
表 2
中小学生家长学习参与对子女学业成绩的影响"
小学模型1 | 小学模型2 | 初中模型1 | 初中模型2 | ||
固定效应 | 家长学习参与 | 3.897*** | 10.525*** | ?1.997*** | 12.416*** |
(0.315) | (1.760) | (0.354) | (1.868) | ||
家长学习参与2 | ?0.951*** | ?2.203*** | |||
(0.248) | (0.280) | ||||
亲子关系 | 19.628*** | 19.632*** | 19.602*** | 19.347*** | |
(0.576) | (0.575) | (0.702) | (0.702) | ||
学习自信心 | 6.458*** | 6.530*** | 6.162*** | 6.215*** | |
(0.289) | (0.290) | (0.294) | (0.294) | ||
控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
常数 | 422.597*** | 411.838*** | 412.671*** | 392.586*** | |
(4.866) | (5.617) | (7.706) | (8.101) | ||
随机效应 | 学生层方差 | 4770.400 | 4769.315 | 5128.280 | 5120.814 |
学校层方差 | 281.543 | 280.934 | 323.148 | 321.348 | |
ICC | 0.056 | 0.056 | 0.059 | 0.059 | |
学生层pseudo R2 a | 0.165 | 0.165 | 0.211 | 0.213 | |
学校层pseudo R2 a | 0.672 | 0.673 | 0.720 | 0.721 | |
学生层样本量 | 62363 | 62363 | 42051 | 42051 | |
学校层样本量 | 268 | 268 | 119 | 119 |
表 3
不同亲子关系水平的中小学生家长学习参与对子女学业成绩的影响"
变量 | 小学五年级 | 初中九年级 | ||||||||
A(1) | A(2) | B(1) | B(2) | A(1) | A(2) | B(1) | B(2) | |||
固定效应 | 家长学习参与 | 2.126 | 4.899*** | 16.401*** | 3.943*** | 6.710** | ?0.982 | 15.549*** | ?1.398*** | |
(2.829) | (0.445) | (2.467) | (0.451) | (3.236) | (0.546) | (2.434) | (0.464) | |||
家长学习参与2 | 0.376 | ?1.867*** | ?1.108** | ?2.694*** | ||||||
(0.379) | (0.363) | (0.460) | (0.380) | |||||||
学习自信心 | 6.555*** | 6.586*** | 7.363*** | 7.228*** | ?0.079 | ?0.079 | 4.839*** | 4.853*** | ||
(0.419) | (0.417) | (0.401) | (0.401) | (0.061) | (0.061) | (0.348) | (0.349) | |||
控制变量 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
常数 | 507.774*** | 502.860*** | 441.154*** | 459.996*** | 497.625*** | 509.716*** | 434.807*** | 457.560*** | ||
(7.210) | (5.241) | (6.729) | (5.656) | (9.678) | (8.279) | (8.975) | (8.421) | |||
随机效应 | 学生层方差 | 4174.656 | 4174.769 | 5540.266 | 5545.499 | 4796.500 | 4797.770 | 5460.935 | 5474.216 | |
学校层方差 | 251.615 | 251.624 | 312.174 | 315.080 | 342.927 | 343.072 | 360.082 | 364.059 | ||
ICC | 0.057 | 0.057 | 0.053 | 0.054 | 0.067 | 0.067 | 0.062 | 0.062 | ||
学生层pseudo R2 | 0.128 | 0.128 | 0.136 | 0.135 | 0.185 | 0.185 | 0.167 | 0.164 | ||
学校层pseudo R2 | 0.615 | 0.615 | 0.621 | 0.619 | 0.654 | 0.654 | 0.682 | 0.679 | ||
学生层样本量 | 36286 | 36286 | 26095 | 26095 | 21889 | 21889 | 20319 | 20319 | ||
学校层样本量 | 267 | 267 | 268 | 268 | 119 | 119 | 119 | 119 |
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