华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 42-58.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.12.004
柳芸芸, 叶映华
出版日期:
2021-12-01
发布日期:
2021-11-23
基金资助:
Yunyun Liu, Yinghua Ye
Online:
2021-12-01
Published:
2021-11-23
摘要:
随着越来越多80后和90后“新生代海归”选择回国发展,他们的就业质量随之引起了社会各界的广泛关注。本研究以203名 “新生代海归”为研究对象,探讨社会人口学背景、海外教育经历、国内求职活动三方面对其客观及主观就业质量的影响。研究首先运用有序Logistic 回归模型确定“新生代海归”就业质量的影响因素,发现回国时间、留学形式、留学区域、留学年限、学历、求职频率、面试次数、就业区域和单位类型影响客观层面的就业质量—即平均月薪;而独生子女、回国时间、留学形式、逆文化适应、第一份工作寻找时间、面试次数、offer次数、就业区域和单位类型等则影响主观层面的就业质量—即工作契合度、工作满意度和离职意向;同时,客观就业质量能够影响主观就业质量。根据上述发现,本研究使用ISM 模型建立影响因素之间的关联关系与层次结构,发现社会人口学和部分海外教育经历因素在“新生代海归”的就业质量模型中发挥深层根源性作用,海外教育结果(如学历、逆文化适应等)是处于中间的关键连接因素,国内求职活动是影响就业质量的表层直接原因。基于上述分析,本研究最后提出了促进“新生代海归”高质量就业的建议。
柳芸芸, 叶映华. “新生代海归”就业质量的影响因素研究——基于有序Logistic—ISM 模型的实证分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(12): 42-58.
Yunyun Liu, Yinghua Ye. Factors Influencing Chinese Returnees’ Employment Quality: Empirical Analysis Based on Ordinal Logistic Regression and ISM Model[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(12): 42-58.
表 1
样本的人口学特征"
类别 | 数量 | 百分比 | |
性别 | 男 | 114 | 56.2% |
女 | 89 | 43.8% | |
年龄 | 小于25岁 | 56 | 27.6% |
26-30岁 | 98 | 48.3% | |
31-35岁 | 37 | 18.2% | |
大于35 | 12 | 5.9% | |
留学区域 | 北美 | 57 | 28.1% |
欧洲 | 91 | 44.8% | |
大洋洲 | 25 | 12.3% | |
亚洲 | 30 | 14.8% | |
回国时间 | 2018年 | 53 | 26.1% |
2017年 | 54 | 26.6% | |
2016年 | 37 | 18.2% | |
2015年 | 39 | 19.2% | |
2014年 | 20 | 9.9% | |
是否独生子女 | 是 | 104 | 51.2% |
否 | 99 | 48.8% | |
专业 | 理工类 | 127 | 62.6% |
经管类 | 41 | 20.2% | |
社科与艺术类 | 25 | 12.3% | |
其他 | 10 | 4.9% |
表 4
客观就业质量的影响因素"
维度 | 因素 | 估计值 | Wald值 | Sig. | OR值 | |
社会人口学 | F5-回国时间 | 2018年 | ?2.138 | 8.966 | 0.003** | 0.118 |
2017年 | ?2.612 | 12.890 | 0.000*** | 0.073 | ||
2016年 | ?1.120 | 2.553 | 0.110 | 0.326 | ||
2015年 | ?1.345 | 3.799 | 0.051 | 0.260 | ||
2014年 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
海外教育 经历 | F8-留学形式 | 自费 | ?0.979 | 3.178 | 0.075 | 0.376 |
国外奖学金 | ?0.333 | 0.380 | 0.538 | 0.717 | ||
政府项目资助 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F9-留学区域 | 北美 | 1.168 | 3.612 | 0.057 | 3.216 | |
欧洲 | 0.269 | 0.225 | 0.635 | 1.309 | ||
大洋洲 | 0.471 | 0.461 | 0.497 | 1.601 | ||
亚洲 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F10-留学年限 | 3年及以内 | ?2.230 | 5.014 | 0.025* | 0.108 | |
4-6 年 | ?1.273 | 1.657 | 0.198 | 0.280 | ||
6年以上 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F11-学历 | 海外本科 | ?3.935 | 20.075 | 0.000*** | 0.020 | |
海外本科+海外硕士 | ?3.988 | 7.925 | 0.005** | 0.019 | ||
国内普通院校本科+海外硕士 | ?1.811 | 8.551 | 0.003** | 0.164 | ||
国内研究型院校本科+ 海外硕士 | ?0.657 | 0.998 | 0.318 | 0.518 | ||
国内本科、硕士(均是国内普通高校)+海外博士 | ?1.408 | 4.589 | 0.032* | 0.245 | ||
国内本科、硕士(至少一个国内研究型高校)+海外博士 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
国内求职 活动 | F13-求职频率 | 4点计分,1=很少, 4=非常频繁 | 1.182 | 13.495 | 0.000*** | 3.262 |
F15-面试次数 | 3个及以下 | ?0.906 | 3.094 | 0.079 | 0.404 | |
4-5个 | ?0.368 | 0.797 | 0.372 | 0.692 | ||
6个或以上 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F17-就业区域 | 西部 | ?2.978 | 9.437 | 0.002** | 0.051 | |
中部 | ?1.234 | 3.963 | 0.046* | 0.291 | ||
东部 | ?0.299 | 0.587 | 0.444 | 0.741 | ||
北上广深 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F18-单位类型 | 自由职业 | 2.723 | 4.512 | 0.034* | 15.226 | |
民营企业 | 3.690 | 17.994 | 0.000*** | 40.063 | ||
外资企业 | 3.826 | 21.463 | 0.000*** | 45.901 | ||
国有企业 | 2.367 | 8.642 | 0.003** | 10.670 | ||
其它事业单位 | 1.905 | 4.431 | 0.035* | 6.721 | ||
大学或者科研机构 | 3.073 | 11.924 | 0.001** | 21.607 | ||
政府行政机构 | 0 | — | — | 1 |
表 5
主观就业质量的影响因素"
维度 | 因素 | 估计值 | Wald值 | Sig. | OR值 | |
社会人口学 | F3-独生子女 | 是 | 0.741 | 3.671 | 0.055 | 2.098 |
否 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F5-回国时间 | 2018年 | ?0.854 | 1.283 | 0.257 | 0.426 | |
2017年 | ?1.454 | 3.585 | 0.058 | 0.234 | ||
2016年 | 0.616 | 0.711 | 0.399 | 1.852 | ||
2015年 | ?0.292 | 0.167 | 0.682 | 0.746 | ||
2014年 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
海外教育经历 | F8-留学形式 | 自费 | ?0.739 | 1.541 | 0.214 | 0.477 |
国外奖学金 | ?1.500 | 6.031 | 0.014* | 0.223 | ||
政府项目资助 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F12-逆文化适应 | 1 =非常不同意,5=非常同意 | 0.985 | 10.215 | 0.001** | 2.677 | |
国内求职活动 | F14-第一份工作 | 12个月以上 | 0.048 | 0.004 | 0.949 | 1.049 |
6-12个月 | 1.363 | 2.910 | 0.088 | 3.910 | ||
3-6个月 | ?0.307 | 0.566 | 0.452 | 0.736 | ||
3个月以内 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F15-面试次数 | 3个及以下 | 1.999 | 11.568 | 0.001** | 7.381 | |
4-5个 | 1.394 | 8.460 | 0.004** | 4.033 | ||
6个或以上 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F16-offer次数 | 1个 | ?1.739 | 4.444 | 0.035* | 0.176 | |
2-3个 | ?1.106 | 5.791 | 0.016* | 0.331 | ||
4个及以上 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F17-就业区域 | 西部 | ?4.004 | 6.315 | 0.012* | 0.018 | |
中部 | ?1.277 | 3.343 | 0.067 | 0.279 | ||
东部 | 0.194 | 0.219 | 0.640 | 1.214 | ||
北上广深 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
F18-单位类型 | 自由职业 | ?1.192 | 0.754 | 0.385 | 0.304 | |
民营企业 | 1.878 | 4.262 | 0.039* | 6.543 | ||
外资企业 | 1.217 | 1.998 | 0.158 | 3.377 | ||
国有企业 | 1.497 | 3.177 | 0.075 | 4.467 | ||
其它事业单位 | 1.765 | 3.760 | 0.052 | 5.841 | ||
大学或者科研机构 | 0.779 | 0.708 | 0.400 | 2.179 | ||
政府行政机构 | 0 | — | — | 1 | ||
主观就业质量 | F19-客观就业质量 | 5000元以下 | 5.292 | 10.743 | 0.001** | 198.693 |
5000-10000元 | 3.908 | 21.238 | 0.000*** | 49.797 | ||
10000-15000元 | 2.946 | 14.403 | 0.000*** | 19.034 | ||
15000-20000元 | 2.781 | 12.131 | 0.000*** | 16.136 | ||
20000元以上 | 0 | — | — | 1 |
表 6
邻接矩阵表A"
F3 | F5 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 | F17 | F18 | F19 | F20 | ||
A= | F3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
F5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
F10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
F11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
F12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
F13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
F14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
F15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
F17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
表 7
可达矩阵M"
F3 | F5 | F8 | F9 | F10 | F11 | F12 | F13 | F14 | F15 | F16 | F17 | F18 | F19 | F20 | ||
M= | F3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
F5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
F19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
F20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
表 8
可达集、先行集和交集"
变量 Fi | 可达集 R(Fi) | 先行集 A(Fi) | 交集 |
F3 | 3,8-20 | 3 | 3 |
F5 | 5,10-20 | 5 | 5 |
F8 | 8,10-20 | 3,8,9 | 8 |
F9 | 8-20 | 3,9 | 9 |
F10 | 10-20 | 3,5,8-11 | 10,11 |
F11 | 10-20 | 3,5,8-11 | 10,11 |
F12 | 12-16,19,20 | 3,5,8-12 | 12 |
F13 | 13-16,19,20 | 3,5,8-13 | 13 |
F14 | 14-16,19,20 | 3,5,8-18 | 14-16 |
F15 | 14-16,19,20 | 3,5,8-18 | 14-16 |
F16 | 14-16,19,20 | 3,5,8-18 | 14-16 |
F17 | 14-20 | 3,5,8-11,17,18 | 17,18 |
F18 | 14-20 | 3,5,8-11,17,18 | 17,18 |
F19 | 19,20 | 3,5,8-19 | 19 |
F20 | 20 | 3,5,8-20 | 20 |
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[1] | 钟云华. 新生代海归创业难的归因与对策[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2016, 34(3): 52-60. |
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