“新生代海归”就业质量的影响因素研究——基于有序Logistic—ISM 模型的实证分析

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.12.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着越来越多80后和90后“新生代海归”选择回国发展，他们的就业质量随之引起了社会各界的广泛关注。本研究以203名 “新生代海归”为研究对象，探讨社会人口学背景、海外教育经历、国内求职活动三方面对其客观及主观就业质量的影响。研究首先运用有序Logistic 回归模型确定“新生代海归”就业质量的影响因素，发现回国时间、留学形式、留学区域、留学年限、学历、求职频率、面试次数、就业区域和单位类型影响客观层面的就业质量—即平均月薪；而独生子女、回国时间、留学形式、逆文化适应、第一份工作寻找时间、面试次数、offer次数、就业区域和单位类型等则影响主观层面的就业质量—即工作契合度、工作满意度和离职意向；同时，客观就业质量能够影响主观就业质量。根据上述发现，本研究使用ISM 模型建立影响因素之间的关联关系与层次结构，发现社会人口学和部分海外教育经历因素在“新生代海归”的就业质量模型中发挥深层根源性作用，海外教育结果（如学历、逆文化适应等）是处于中间的关键连接因素，国内求职活动是影响就业质量的表层直接原因。基于上述分析，本研究最后提出了促进“新生代海归”高质量就业的建议。

关键词: 新生代海归, 就业质量, 留学教育, 求职活动, Logistic—ISM 模型

Abstract:

With the “new generation returnees” of the post-80s and post-90s returning to China for development, their employment quality have attracted widespread attention. The paper takes socio-demographic background, education abroad, job search at home into account and analyzes how their contained factors affect Chinese returnees’ employment quality (objective side and subjective side). 203 Chinese returnees who returned to China within three years participated in this study and filled out a questionnaire. Based on ordinal logistic regression, the study found that return time, form of study abroad, area of study abroad, length of study abroad, degree, job search intensity, number of interviews, area of the working and sector type affect objective employment quality (i.e., average monthly income), while one child or not, degree, return time, form of study abroad, re-entry adaption, the time of getting the first job, number of interviews, number of offers, area of the working, sector type as well as objective employment quality affect subjective employment quality (i.e., job–person fit match, job satisfaction as well as turnover intention). In addition, by forming a multi-level directional relationship with Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM), the paper found that socio-demographic and part of the educational experience abroad play an underlying role in the employment quality model; educational outcome abroad (such as degree and re-entry adaption, etc.) are indirect factor at the middle level; job search at home is directly related to the quality of job employment. The results are analyzed and recommendations to promote high-quality job quality are made.

Key words: Chinese returnees, employment quality, job search, education abroad, Logistic- ISM

柳芸芸, 叶映华. “新生代海归”就业质量的影响因素研究——基于有序Logistic—ISM 模型的实证分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(12): 42-58.

Yunyun Liu, Yinghua Ye. Factors Influencing Chinese Returnees’ Employment Quality: Empirical Analysis Based on Ordinal Logistic Regression and ISM Model[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(12): 42-58.

图/表 10

图 1

表 1

表 2

表 3

表 4

表 5

表 6

表 7

表 8

图 2

参考文献 0

	出国留学财政政策研究课题组我国公派出国留学人员资助政策现状研究华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版) 2015 6 154 166 出国留学财政政策研究课题组. (2015). 我国公派出国留学人员资助政策现状研究. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),(6),154—166.
	风笑天, 王小璐城市青年的职业适应:独生子女与非独生子女的比较研究江苏社会科学 2003 4 18 23 风笑天, 王小璐. (2003). 城市青年的职业适应:独生子女与非独生子女的比较研究. 江苏社会科学,(4),18—23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8671.2003.04.003
	郭娇, 麦可思研究院, 王伯庆. (2015). 就业蓝皮书: 2015年中国本科生就业报告. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社.
	柯羽大学毕业生就业质量现状调查及趋势分析——以浙江省为例黑龙江高教研究 2010 7 106 108 柯羽. (2010). 大学毕业生就业质量现状调查及趋势分析—以浙江省为例. 黑龙江高教研究,(7),106—108. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2614.2010.07.034
	孔令夷基于解释结构模型的博士学位论文质量关键影响因素分析中国高教研究 2012 04 51 55 孔令夷. (2012). 基于解释结构模型的博士学位论文质量关键影响因素分析. 中国高教研究,(04),51—55.
	林欣, 林素絮人力资本和社会资本对高职学生就业的异质性影响研究——基于广东省42所高职院校的实证分析高教探索 2019 8 53 61 林欣, 林素絮. (2019). 人力资本和社会资本对高职学生就业的异质性影响研究—基于广东省42所高职院校的实证分析. 高教探索,(8),53—61. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9760.2019.08.010
	刘红霞, 石晓艳, 付苗 “海归”就业何以难——精英情结与社会排斥之间的匹配博弈中国青年研究 2017 1 50 56 刘红霞, 石晓艳, 付苗. (2017). “海归”就业何以难—精英情结与社会排斥之间的匹配博弈. 中国青年研究,(1),50—56. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-9931.2017.01.007
	刘敏, 陆根书, 潘炳超, 李珍艳陕西高校本科专业毕业生就业质量指数评价研究复旦教育论坛 2018 16 5 70 75 刘敏, 陆根书, 潘炳超, 李珍艳. (2018). 陕西高校本科专业毕业生就业质量指数评价研究. 复旦教育论坛,16(5),70—75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0059.2018.05.010
	刘玮, 王乐, & 张世钰农村紧急医疗救援的公众满意度及影响因素分析——基于Logistic—ISM模型调研世界 2018 9 59 65 刘玮, 王乐, & 张世钰. (2018). 农村紧急医疗救援的公众满意度及影响因素分析—基于Logistic—ISM模型. 调研世界,(9),59—65.
	刘正山 “幸福—学历之谜”及其解释金融博览 2019 03 18 19 刘正山. (2019). “幸福—学历之谜”及其解释. 金融博览,(03),18—19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4882.2019.03.007
	史茜, 舒晓兵, 罗玉越工作需求控制支持压力模型及实证研究评析心理科学进展 2010 18 4 655 663 史茜, 舒晓兵, 罗玉越. (2010). 工作需求控制支持压力模型及实证研究评析. 心理科学进展,18(4),655—663.
	宋雪雁, 邓君, 于梦文数字时代档案文献编纂成果质量影响因素解释结构模型分析图书情报工作 2020 3 4 11 宋雪雁, 邓君, 于梦文. (2020). 数字时代档案文献编纂成果质量影响因素解释结构模型分析. 图书情报工作,(3),4—11.
	苏颂兴上海独生子女的社会适应问题上海社会科学院学术季刊 1997 02 141 149 苏颂兴. (1997). 上海独生子女的社会适应问题. 上海社会科学院学术季刊,(02),141—149.
	孙莉莉, 王其源城市居民社会保障满意度的影响因素研究——基于有序Logistic—ISM 模型的实证分析调研世界 2019 4 37 44 孙莉莉, 王其源. (2019). 城市居民社会保障满意度的影响因素研究—基于有序Logistic—ISM 模型的实证分析. 调研世界,(4),37—44.
	孙维, 马永红, 张乐妍英国博士教育多样化发展趋势分析及启示——基于对2015年UKCGE报告的解读北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版) 2019 32 1 137 141 孙维, 马永红, 张乐妍. (2019). 英国博士教育多样化发展趋势分析及启示—基于对2015年UKCGE报告的解读. 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),32(1),137—141.
	孙榆婷, 杜在超, 赵国昌, 李睿出国镀金,回国高薪? 金融研究 2016 11 177 193 孙榆婷, 杜在超, 赵国昌, 李睿. (2016). 出国镀金,回国高薪?. 金融研究,(11),177—193.
	魏华颖, 曾湘泉海外留学归国人员就业的微观影响因素的实证研究中国行政管理 2014 10 84 86+116 魏华颖, 曾湘泉. (2014). 海外留学归国人员就业的微观影响因素的实证研究. 中国行政管理,(10),84—86+116. doi: 10.3782/j.issn.1006-0863.2014.10.18
	魏华颖, 张乐妍, 徐欣楠海外留学归国人员就业满意度及其影响因素研究人口与经济 2018 231 06 34 41 魏华颖, 张乐妍, 徐欣楠. (2018). 海外留学归国人员就业满意度及其影响因素研究. 人口与经济,231(06),34—41.
	闻文 2018年中国海归就业创业调查报告: 国内吸引人才力度大近三成留学生学成归国中国对外贸易 2018 10 28 30 闻文. (2018). 2018年中国海归就业创业调查报告: 国内吸引人才力度大近三成留学生学成归国. 中国对外贸易,(10),28—30.
	吴瑞君海外归国人员就业状况及其影响因素——基于2011 年上海基本侨情调查的分析社会科学 2015 5 59 68 吴瑞君. (2015). 海外归国人员就业状况及其影响因素—基于2011 年上海基本侨情调查的分析. 社会科学,(5),59—68.
	夏万军, 余功菊我国区域经济发展不平衡性研究安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版) 2018 46 4 111 121 夏万军, 余功菊. (2018). 我国区域经济发展不平衡性研究. 安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),46(4),111—121.
	徐贞在哪里延续科研之路——理工科博士生就业偏好及其影响因素研究高等教育研究 2018 39 7 31 38 徐贞. (2018). 在哪里延续科研之路—理工科博士生就业偏好及其影响因素研究. 高等教育研究,39(7),31—38.
	许家云, 刘廷华, 李平海外留学经历是否提高了个人收入? 经济科学 2014 1 90 101 许家云, 刘廷华, 李平. (2014). 海外留学经历是否提高了个人收入?. 经济科学,(1),90—101.
	于海波, 郑晓明薪酬满意度的测量、影响因素和作用科学管理研究 2008 26 1 82 85 于海波, 郑晓明. (2008). 薪酬满意度的测量、影响因素和作用. 科学管理研究,26(1),82—85.
	岳昌君, 夏洁, 邱文琪 2019年全国高校毕业生就业状况实证研究华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) 2020 4 1 17 岳昌君, 夏洁, 邱文琪. (2020). 2019年全国高校毕业生就业状况实证研究. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),(4),1—17.
	张建奇, 唐丽试析美国博士生流失问题比较教育研究 2013 8 14 18 张建奇, 唐丽. (2013). 试析美国博士生流失问题. 比较教育研究,(8),14—18.
	张文彤, 董伟. (2018). SPSS统计分析高级教程(第三版). 北京: 高等教育出版社.
	钟云华新生代海归创业难的归因与对策华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) 2016 3 52 60 钟云华. (2016). 新生代海归创业难的归因与对策. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),(3),52—60.
	朱钧陶大学生就业质量评价体系的实证研究——以华南农业大学为例高教探索 2015 5 109 112 朱钧陶. (2015). 大学生就业质量评价体系的实证研究—以华南农业大学为例. 高教探索,(5),109—112. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9760.2015.05.021
	Adams, J. S Towrad an understanding of inequity Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 1963 67 422 436 Adams, J. S. (1963). Towrad an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422—436. doi: 10.1037/h0040968
	Andrianto, S., Jianhong, M., Hommey, C., Damayanti, D., & Wahyuni, H Re-entry Adjustment and Job Embeddedness: The Mediating Role of Professional Identity in Indonesian Returnees Frontiers in Psychology 2018 9 1 11 Andrianto, S., Jianhong, M., Hommey, C., Damayanti, D., & Wahyuni, H. (2018). Re-entry Adjustment and Job Embeddedness: The Mediating Role of Professional Identity in Indonesian Returnees. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1—11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00001
	Attri, R., Dev, N., & Sharma, V Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach: an overview Research Journal of Management Sciences 2013 2 2 3 8 Attri, R., Dev, N., & Sharma, V. (2013). Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach: an overview. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2(2), 3—8.
	Bae, J., & Mowbray, O Millennial Generation’s Job Search Activity and Job Quality: Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Journal of Social Service Research 2019 45 2 269 277 Bae, J., & Mowbray, O. (2019). Millennial Generation’s Job Search Activity and Job Quality: Findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Journal of Social Service Research, 45(2), 269—277. doi: 10.1080/01488376.2018.1480553
	Blake, J Family size and the quality of children Demography 1981 18 4 421 442 Blake, J. (1981). Family size and the quality of children. Demography, 18(4), 421—442. doi: 10.2307/2060941
	Blau, G Further exploring the relationship between job search and voluntary individual turnover Personnel Psychology 1993 46 313 330 Blau, G. (1993). Further exploring the relationship between job search and voluntary individual turnover. Personnel Psychology, 46, 313—330.
	Brown, D. J., Cober, R. T., Kane, K., Levy, P. E., & Shalhoop, J Proactive personality and the successful job search: A field investigation with college graduates Journal of Applied Psychology 2006 91 3 717 726 Brown, D. J., Cober, R. T., Kane, K., Levy, P. E., & Shalhoop, J. (2006). Proactive personality and the successful job search: A field investigation with college graduates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 717—726. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.717
	Burgess, C. J., Saarela, J., & Finnäs, F Return migrant status and employment in Finland International Journal of Manpower 2009 30 5 489 506 Burgess, C. J., Saarela, J., & Finnäs, F. (2009). Return migrant status and employment in Finland. International Journal of Manpower, 30(5), 489—506. doi: 10.1108/01437720910977670
	Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Subjective Fit Perceptions Journal of Applied Psychology 2002 87 5 875 884 Cable, D. M., & DeRue, D. S. (2002). The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Subjective Fit Perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875—884. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.875
	da Motta Veiga, S. P., & Turban, D. B Insight into job search self-regulation: Effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity Journal of Vocational Behavior 2018 108 57 66 da Motta Veiga, S. P., & Turban, D. B. (2018). Insight into job search self-regulation: Effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 108, 57—66. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.06.010
	Démurger, S., Li, S., & Yang, J Earnings differentials between the public and private sectors in China: Exploring changes for urban local residents in the 2000s China Economic Review 2012 23 1 138 153 Démurger, S., Li, S., & Yang, J. (2012). Earnings differentials between the public and private sectors in China: Exploring changes for urban local residents in the 2000s. China Economic Review, 23(1), 138—153. doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2011.08.007
	Dettweiler, U., Ünlü, A., Lauterbach, G., Legl, A., Simon, P., & Kugelmann, C Alien at home: Adjustment strategies of students returning from a six-months over-sea's educational programme International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2015 44 72 87 Dettweiler, U., Ünlü, A., Lauterbach, G., Legl, A., Simon, P., & Kugelmann, C. (2015). Alien at home: Adjustment strategies of students returning from a six-months over-sea's educational programme. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 44, 72—87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2014.10.005
	Downey, D. B Number of siblings and intellectual development: The resource dilution explanation American Psychologist 2001 56 6/7 497 504 Downey, D. B. (2001). Number of siblings and intellectual development: The resource dilution explanation. American Psychologist, 56(6/7), 497—504.
	Festinger, L A theory of social comparison processes Human Relations 1954 7 2 117 140 Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117—140. doi: 10.1177/001872675400700202
	Fleming, L Recombinant uncertainty in technological search Management Science 2001 47 1 117 132 Fleming, L. (2001). Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Science, 47(1), 117—132. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.47.1.117.10671
	Fort, I., Jacquet, F., & Leroy, N Self-efficacy, goals, and job search behaviors Career Development International 2011 16 5 469 481 Fort, I., Jacquet, F., & Leroy, N. (2011). Self-efficacy, goals, and job search behaviors. Career Development International, 16(5), 469—481. doi: 10.1108/13620431111168886
	Franzoni, C., Scellato, G., & Stephan, P The mover's advantage: The superior performance of migrant scientists Economics letters 2014 122 1 89 93 Franzoni, C., Scellato, G., & Stephan, P. (2014). The mover's advantage: The superior performance of migrant scientists. Economics letters, 122(1), 89—93. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.10.040
	Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications Journal of Vocational Behavior 2004 65 1 14 38 Fugate, M., Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2004). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and applications. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 14—38. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.005
	González-Romá, V., Gamboa, J. P., & Peiró, J. M University Graduates’ Employability, Employment Status, and Job Quality Journal of Career Development 2018 45 2 132 149 González-Romá, V., Gamboa, J. P., & Peiró, J. M. (2018). University Graduates’ Employability, Employment Status, and Job Quality. Journal of Career Development, 45(2), 132—149. doi: 10.1177/0894845316671607
	Guan, Y., Deng, H., Bond, M. H., Chen, S. X., & Chan, C. H Person–job fit and work-related attitudes among Chinese employees: Need for cognitive closure as moderator Basic & Applied Social Psychology 2010 32 3 250 260 Guan, Y., Deng, H., Bond, M. H., Chen, S. X., & Chan, C. H. (2010). Person–job fit and work-related attitudes among Chinese employees: Need for cognitive closure as moderator. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 250—260.
	Guan, Y., Deng, H., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Ye, L.,... Li, Y Career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates Journal of Vocational Behavior 2013 83 3 561 570 Guan, Y., Deng, H., Sun, J., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Ye, L.,.. Li, Y. (2013). Career adaptability, job search self-efficacy and outcomes: A three-wave investigation among Chinese university graduates. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 561—570. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.09.003
	Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E., III. Employee reactions to job characteristics Journal of Applied Psychology 1971 55 259 286 Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E., III. (1971). Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 259—286. doi: 10.1037/h0031152
	Jie, H., & Welch, A A tale of Sea Turtles: Job-seeking experiences of Hai Gui (high-skilled returnees) in China Higher Education Policy 2012 25 2 243 260 Jie, H., & Welch, A. (2012). A tale of Sea Turtles: Job-seeking experiences of Hai Gui (high-skilled returnees) in China. Higher Education Policy, 25(2), 243—260. doi: 10.1057/hep.2012.4
	Kanfer, R., Wanberg, C. R., & Kantrowitz, T. M Job search and employment: A personality–motivational analysis and meta-analytic review Journal of Applied Psychology 2001 86 5 837 855 Kanfer, R., Wanberg, C. R., & Kantrowitz, T. M. (2001). Job search and employment: A personality–motivational analysis and meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 837—855. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.837
	Karasek, R. A Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign Adeministrative Science Quarterly 1979 24 285 308 Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. Adeministrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285—308. doi: 10.2307/2392498
	Lawler, E. E., III.. (1971). Pay and organizational effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
	Liu, S., Wang, M., Liao, H., & Shi, J Self-regulation during job search: the opposing effects of employment self-efficacy and job search behavior self-efficacy Journal of Applied Psychology 2014 99 6 1159 1172 Liu, S., Wang, M., Liao, H., & Shi, J. (2014). Self-regulation during job search: the opposing effects of employment self-efficacy and job search behavior self-efficacy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1159—1172. doi: 10.1037/a0036692
	Ng, T. W. H., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C Predictors of objective and subjective career success: a meta-analysis Personnel psychology 2005 58 2 367 408 Ng, T. W. H., Eby, L. T., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success: a meta-analysis. Personnel psychology, 58(2), 367—408. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00515.x
	Presbitero, A Culture shock and reverse culture shock: The moderating role of cultural intelligence in international students’ adaptation International Journal of Intercultural Relations 2016 53 28 38 Presbitero, A. (2016). Culture shock and reverse culture shock: The moderating role of cultural intelligence in international students’ adaptation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 53, 28—38. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2016.05.004
	Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E Is job search related to employment quality? It all depends on the fit Journal of Applied Psychology 2002 87 4 646 654 Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2002). Is job search related to employment quality? It all depends on the fit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 646—654. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.646
	Seiter, J. S., & Waddell, D. (1989). The Intercultural Reentry Process: Reentry Shock, Locus of Control, Satisfaction, and Interpersonal Uses of Communication. Paper presented at the Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western Speech Communication Association, USA: Spokane Washington.
	Storen, L. A., & Wiers-Jenssen, J Foreign Diploma Versus Immigrant Background: Determinants of Labour Market Success or Failure? Journal of Studies in International Education 2010 14 1 29 49 Storen, L. A., & Wiers-Jenssen, J. (2010). Foreign Diploma Versus Immigrant Background: Determinants of Labour Market Success or Failure?. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14(1), 29—49. doi: 10.1177/1028315308327951
	Thomas, K. J. A Return migration in Africa and the relationship between educational attainment and labor market success: Evidence from Uganda International migration review 2008 42 3 652 674 Thomas, K. J. A. (2008). Return migration in Africa and the relationship between educational attainment and labor market success: Evidence from Uganda. International migration review, 42(3), 652—674. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00141.x
	Van Hooft, E. A. J., Born, M. P., Taris, T. W., & van der Flier, H Predictors and outcomes of job search behavior: The moderating effects of gender and family situation Journal of Vocational Behavior 2005 67 2 133 152 Van Hooft, E. A. J., Born, M. P., Taris, T. W., & van der Flier, H. (2005). Predictors and outcomes of job search behavior: The moderating effects of gender and family situation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 133—152. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2004.11.005
	Wang, L., Xu, H., Zhang, X., & Fang, P The relationship between emotion regulation strategies and job search behavior among fourth-year university students Journal of Adolescence 2017 59 139 147 Wang, L., Xu, H., Zhang, X., & Fang, P. (2017). The relationship between emotion regulation strategies and job search behavior among fourth-year university students. Journal of Adolescence, 59, 139—147. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.06.004
	Warfield, J., W Developing interconnected matrices in structural modelling IEEE Transactions on Systems Men and Cybernetics 1974 4 1 81 87 Warfield, J., W. (1974). Developing interconnected matrices in structural modelling. IEEE Transactions on Systems Men and Cybernetics, 4(1), 81—87.
	Williams, M. L., Mcdaniel, M. A., & Nguyen, N. T A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of pay level satisfaction Journal of Applied Psychology 2006 91 2 392 413 Williams, M. L., Mcdaniel, M. A., & Nguyen, N. T. (2006). A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of pay level satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 392—413. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.392
	Zweig, D., Changgui, C., & Rosen, S Globalization and Transnational Human Capital: Overseas and Returnee Scholars to China China Quarterly 2004 179 735 757 Zweig, D., Changgui, C., & Rosen, S. (2004). Globalization and Transnational Human Capital: Overseas and Returnee Scholars to China. China Quarterly, (179), 735—757.
	Zweig, D., & Han, D. (2008). “Sea turtles” or “seaweed”? The employment of overseas returnees in China. Paper presented at the Fourth dialogue between France and the ILO on the social dimension of globalization, 'The Internationalization of Labour Markets', Paris, France.

类别		数量	百分比
性别	男	114	56.2%
	女	89	43.8%
年龄	小于25岁	56	27.6%
	26-30岁	98	48.3%
	31-35岁	37	18.2%
	大于35	12	5.9%
留学区域	北美	57	28.1%
	欧洲	91	44.8%
	大洋洲	25	12.3%
	亚洲	30	14.8%
回国时间	2018年	53	26.1%
	2017年	54	26.6%
	2016年	37	18.2%
	2015年	39	19.2%
	2014年	20	9.9%
是否独生子女	是	104	51.2%
	否	99	48.8%
专业	理工类	127	62.6%
	经管类	41	20.2%
	社科与艺术类	25	12.3%
	其他	10	4.9%

维度	第一类	第二类	第三类
工作契合度	3.91	3.38	3.17
工作满意度	3.88	3.21	2.88
离职意向	4.51	3.44	1.94

平均月薪（元）	5000以下	5000-9999	10000-14999	15000-19999	20000以上
人数	5	72	67	39	20
百分比	2.5	35.5	33.0	19.2	9.9

维度	因素		估计值	Wald值	Sig.	OR值
社会人口学	F5-回国时间	2018年	?2.138	8.966	0.003**	0.118
		2017年	?2.612	12.890	0.000***	0.073
		2016年	?1.120	2.553	0.110	0.326
		2015年	?1.345	3.799	0.051	0.260
		2014年	0	—	—	1
海外教育经历	F8-留学形式	自费	?0.979	3.178	0.075	0.376
		国外奖学金	?0.333	0.380	0.538	0.717
		政府项目资助	0	—	—	1
	F9-留学区域	北美	1.168	3.612	0.057	3.216
		欧洲	0.269	0.225	0.635	1.309
		大洋洲	0.471	0.461	0.497	1.601
		亚洲	0	—	—	1
	F10-留学年限	3年及以内	?2.230	5.014	0.025*	0.108
		4-6 年	?1.273	1.657	0.198	0.280
		6年以上	0	—	—	1
	F11-学历	海外本科	?3.935	20.075	0.000***	0.020
		海外本科+海外硕士	?3.988	7.925	0.005**	0.019
		国内普通院校本科+海外硕士	?1.811	8.551	0.003**	0.164
		国内研究型院校本科+ 海外硕士	?0.657	0.998	0.318	0.518
		国内本科、硕士（均是国内普通高校）+海外博士	?1.408	4.589	0.032*	0.245
		国内本科、硕士（至少一个国内研究型高校）+海外博士	0	—	—	1
国内求职活动	F13-求职频率	4点计分，1=很少， 4=非常频繁	1.182	13.495	0.000***	3.262
	F15-面试次数	3个及以下	?0.906	3.094	0.079	0.404
		4-5个	?0.368	0.797	0.372	0.692
		6个或以上	0	—	—	1
	F17-就业区域	西部	?2.978	9.437	0.002**	0.051
		中部	?1.234	3.963	0.046*	0.291
		东部	?0.299	0.587	0.444	0.741
		北上广深	0	—	—	1
	F18-单位类型	自由职业	2.723	4.512	0.034*	15.226
		民营企业	3.690	17.994	0.000***	40.063
		外资企业	3.826	21.463	0.000***	45.901
		国有企业	2.367	8.642	0.003**	10.670
		其它事业单位	1.905	4.431	0.035*	6.721
		大学或者科研机构	3.073	11.924	0.001**	21.607
		政府行政机构	0	—	—	1

维度	因素		估计值	Wald值	Sig.	OR值
社会人口学	F3-独生子女	是	0.741	3.671	0.055	2.098
	F3-独生子女	否	0	—	—	1
	F5-回国时间	2018年	?0.854	1.283	0.257	0.426
		2017年	?1.454	3.585	0.058	0.234
		2016年	0.616	0.711	0.399	1.852
		2015年	?0.292	0.167	0.682	0.746
		2014年	0	—	—	1
海外教育经历	F8-留学形式	自费	?0.739	1.541	0.214	0.477
		国外奖学金	?1.500	6.031	0.014*	0.223
		政府项目资助	0	—	—	1
	F12-逆文化适应	1 =非常不同意，5=非常同意	0.985	10.215	0.001**	2.677
国内求职活动	F14-第一份工作	12个月以上	0.048	0.004	0.949	1.049
		6-12个月	1.363	2.910	0.088	3.910
		3-6个月	?0.307	0.566	0.452	0.736
		3个月以内	0	—	—	1
	F15-面试次数	3个及以下	1.999	11.568	0.001**	7.381
		4-5个	1.394	8.460	0.004**	4.033
		6个或以上	0	—	—	1
	F16-offer次数	1个	?1.739	4.444	0.035*	0.176
		2-3个	?1.106	5.791	0.016*	0.331
		4个及以上	0	—	—	1
	F17-就业区域	西部	?4.004	6.315	0.012*	0.018
		中部	?1.277	3.343	0.067	0.279
		东部	0.194	0.219	0.640	1.214
		北上广深	0	—	—	1
	F18-单位类型	自由职业	?1.192	0.754	0.385	0.304
		民营企业	1.878	4.262	0.039*	6.543
		外资企业	1.217	1.998	0.158	3.377
		国有企业	1.497	3.177	0.075	4.467
		其它事业单位	1.765	3.760	0.052	5.841
		大学或者科研机构	0.779	0.708	0.400	2.179
		政府行政机构	0	—	—	1
主观就业质量	F19-客观就业质量	5000元以下	5.292	10.743	0.001**	198.693
		5000-10000元	3.908	21.238	0.000***	49.797
		10000-15000元	2.946	14.403	0.000***	19.034
		15000-20000元	2.781	12.131	0.000***	16.136
		20000元以上	0	—	—	1