青少年价值观类型与家庭背景的关系：基于潜在剖面分析

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以1992名6—9年级青少年为研究对象，采用潜在剖面分析方法探索其价值观类型，并进一步分析家庭背景对不同青少年价值观类型的影响。结果表明：（1）青少年价值观群体可以分成四类：“集体多元融合型”“公平规则导向型”“中间价值均衡型”“价值认同淡漠型”。（2）不同类型具有相似性，除“价值认同淡漠型”外，各类型均表现出基于个体奋斗的集体价值观和关系价值观优先的特征。（3）不同类型的个体在民族上没有差异，“公平规则导向型”的女生更凸显其公平意识和对集体责任的认同相对较弱，“中间价值均衡型”和“价值认同淡漠型”的低年级更高概率留在本组。（4）不同类型的个体受家庭背景影响有别，家庭社会经济地位负向预测“中间价值均衡型”，双亲在场以及权威型、宽容型教养方式负向预测“中间价值均衡型”和“公平规则导向型”，忽视型教养方式正向预测“价值认同淡漠型”。建议根据不同青少年价值观类型，有针对性地转变其父母的家庭教养方式，并给其家庭提供必要的外部支持。

关键词: 青少年, 价值观, 家庭背景, 潜在剖面分析

Abstract:

This study employed latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of values among 1,992 adolescents in grades 6-9, and further examined how family background influences these subgroups. The result shows that, first, four subgroups were identified: “Collectivism-Diversity Integrated Group”, “Fairness-Rule Oriented Group”, “Balanced Value Group”, and “Value Identity Indifferent Group”. Second, except for the “Value Identity Indifferent Group”, all subgroups prioritized collectivistic and relational values based on individual effort. Third, there are no significant differences in ethnicity among the subgroups. Girls in the “Fairness-Rule Oriented Group” show a stronger sense of fairness and a relatively weaker sense of collective responsibility. Lower-grade students are more likely to fall into the “Balanced Value Group” and “Value Indifferent Group”. Finally, the influence of family background differs across types. Family socioeconomic status negatively predicted the “Balanced Value Group”; the presence of both parents and authoritative or permissive parenting styles negatively predicted the “Balanced Value Group” and “Fairness-Rule Oriented Group”, while neglectful parenting positively predicted the “Value Indifferent Group”. The findings suggest tailoring interventions based on different adolescent value groups to transform their parents’ parenting styles and providing necessary external support to their families.

Key words: adolescence, values, family background, latent profile analysis

杨茂庆, 黄茂林. 青少年价值观类型与家庭背景的关系：基于潜在剖面分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2025, 43(4): 41-52.

Maoqing Yang, Maolin Huang. Types of Values of Adolescences and Their Family Background: Based on Latent Profile Analysis[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2025, 43(4): 41-52.

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比例	87%	13%

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次数	24	18
比例	57%	43%

	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
1	0.85	0.16	1
2	0.76	0.16	0.77^***	1
3	0.85	0.17	0.78^***	0.74^***	1
4	0.78	0.18	0.55^***	0.6^***	0.57^***	1
5	0.72	0.18	0.54^***	0.64^***	0.48^***	0.52^***	1
6	0.73	0.17	0.61^***	0.69^***	0.62^***	0.51^***	0.48^***	1
7	0.5	0.2	0.08^***	0.17^***	0.06^**	0.21^***	0.29^***	0.26^***	1
8	0.56	0.22	0.06^**	0.09^***	0.03	0.18^***	0.26^***	0.14^***	0.52^***	1
9	0.38	0.22	0.08^***	0.07^**	0.11^***	−0.02	0.06^*	0.14^***	0.02	0.06^**	1
10	−	−	0.08^***	0.09^***	0.11^***	0.06^**	0.06^**	0.07^**	−0.04	−0.01	0.14^***	1
11	−	−	−0.02	−0.03	−0.05^*	−0.02	−0.04	−0.03	0.05^*	0.04	−0.05^*	−0.41^***	1
12	−	−	−0.03	−0.05^*	−0.04^*	−0.01	−0.01	−0.01	0.00	0.00	−0.01	−0.55^***	−0.1^***	1
13	−	−	−0.07^**	−0.06^**	−0.07^**	−0.06^**	−0.04	−0.07^**	0.02	−0.01	−0.15^***	−0.55^***	−0.1^***	−0.14^***	1
14	−	−	0.17^***	0.18^***	0.19^***	0.17^***	0.09^***	0.17^***	−0.01	−0.03	0.17^***	0.12^***	−0.07^**	−0.04	−0.08^***	1
15	−	−	0.04	0.05^*	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.06^*	0.02	0.03	0.14^***	0.04	0.03	0.02	−0.09^***	−0.35^***	1
16	−	−	−0.15^***	−0.16^***	−0.16^***	−0.15^***	−0.07^**	−0.17^***	−0.01	0.01	−0.17^***	−0.1^***	0.01	0.03	0.1^***	−0.36^***	−0.33^***	1
17	−	−	−0.06^**	−0.07^**	−0.07^**	−0.05^*	−0.04	−0.06^**	0.00	−0.01	−0.14^***	−0.06^**	0.03	−0.01	0.07^**	−0.32^***	−0.29^***	−0.33^***	1

剖面数	LL	AIC	BIC	SSA-BIC	Entropy	LMRT(p)	BLRT(p)
2	−22068.31	44186.63	44326.55	44247.12	0.90	<0.000	<0.001
3	−21257.10	42582.19	42772.49	42664.47	0.88	0.142	<0.001
4	−20634.51	41355.03	41595.69	41459.08	0.88	<0.001	<0.001
5	−20312.36	40728.71	41019.75	40854.54	0.85	0.130	<0.001
6	−20125.84	40373.67	40715.08	40521.28	0.83	0.080	<0.001
7	−19957.91	40055.83	40447.61	40225.22	0.81	0.750	<0.001

潜在类别	人数	比例	社会平等	集体责任	遵纪守则	家庭亲情	同伴友情	超越进取	时尚潮流	享受快乐
C1：集体多元融合型	696	34.9%	4.83 (±0.01)	4.49 (±0.04)	4.81 (±0.02)	4.42 (±0.04)	4.11 (±0.05)	4.16 (±0.05)	2.19 (±0.08)	2.48 (±0.07)
C2：公平规则导向型	805	40.4%	4.23 (±0.05)	3.42 (±0.05)	4.23 (±0.05)	3.57 (±0.06)	3.10 (±0.05)	3.16 (±0.04)	1.71 (±0.05)	2.10 (±0.05)
C3：中间价值均衡型	440	22.1%	2.96 (±0.06)	2.45 (±0.04)	2.84 (±0.06)	2.75 (±0.06)	2.43 (±0.05)	2.39 (±0.05)	1.73 (±0.05)	2.15 (±0.06)
C4：价值认同淡漠型	51	2.6%	0.85 (±0.11)	0.83 (±0.11)	1.00 (±0.14)	1.18 (±0.15)	1.06 (±0.14)	0.87 (±0.10)	1.17 (±0.18)	1.44 (±0.22)

		C2:公平规则导向型		C3:中间价值均衡型		C4:价值认同淡漠型
		偏回归系数（95%CI）	OR值	偏回归系数（95%CI）	OR值	偏回归系数（95%CI）	OR值
性别	女	0.43^***	1.54	0.24	1.27	−0.33	0.72
	女	[0.18, 0.68]	1.54	[−0.03, 0.51]	1.27	[−0.95, 0.29]	0.72
	男	1		1		1
民族	汉族	0.09	1.1	0.29	1.34	0.2	1.22
	汉族	[−0.17, 0.36]	1.1	[−0.002, 0.58]	1.34	[−0.43, 0.83]	1.22
	少数民族	1		1		1
年级	六年级	−0.37	0.69	0.94^**	2.57	2.18^*	8.81
	六年级	[−0.78, 0.03]	0.69	[0.33, 1.56]	2.57	[0.06, 4.29]	8.81
	七年级	−0.32	0.72	1.09^***	2.97	1.85	6.37
	七年级	[−0.74, 0.10]	0.72	[0.46, 1.72]	2.97	[−0.30, 4.00]	6.37
	八年级	0.17	1.19	1.43^***	4.17	2.58^*	13.21
	八年级	[−0.24, 0.58]	1.19	[0.82, 2.04]	4.17	[0.50, 4.66]	13.21
	九年级	1		1		1
家庭结构	双亲在场	−0.46^*	0.63	−0.52^*	0.6	−0.61	0.55
	双亲在场	[−0.89, −0.04]	0.63	[−0.96, −0.07]	0.6	[−1.51, 0.29]	0.55
	仅父亲在场	−0.12	0.89	0.12	1.12	−0.13	0.88
	仅父亲在场	[−0.77, 0.53]	0.89	[−0.53, 0.76]	1.12	[−1.47, 1.21]	0.88
	仅母亲在场	−0.54	0.58	−0.23	0.79	0.001	1
	仅母亲在场	[−1.08, 0.003]	0.58	[−0.78, 0.31]	0.79	[−1.09, 1.09]	1
	双亲缺位	1		1		1
家庭教养方式	权威型	−0.62^***	0.54	−1.29^***	0.28	−0.94	0.39
	权威型	[−0.98, −0.27]	0.54	[−1.71, −0.87]	0.28	[−2.04, 0.15]	0.39
	宽容型	−0.46^*	0.63	−0.64^***	0.53	−0.2	0.82
	宽容型	[−0.84, −0.09]	0.63	[−1.04, −0.25]	0.53	[−1.22, 0.82]	0.82
	忽视型	0.08	1.08	0.17	1.2	1.15^**	3.15
	忽视型	[−0.31, 0.46]	1.08	[−0.20, 0.55]	1.2	[0.29, 2.01]	3.15
	专制型	1		1		1
家庭社会经济地位		−0.4	0.67	−0.95^**	0.39	1.07	2.91
家庭社会经济地位		[−0.95, 0.14]	0.67	[−1.63, −0.27]	0.39	[−0.70, 2.84]	2.91

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