成长型思维如何影响学生社会与情感能力的发展？——基于OECD社会与情感能力测评的实证分析

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

思维模式对人的言行起决定性作用。本研究以OECD 2019年在中国苏州的调查数据为基础，从学生、家长、教师三个角度，探究10岁和15岁青少年的成长型思维及他们的思维模式与社会与情感能力之间的关系。研究结果发现：（1）学生的成长型思维受社会经济地位的制约；（2）学生、家长、教师的成长型思维与学生的社会与情感能力显著正相关并具有预测作用。这一研究结果丰富了现阶段关于成长型思维及社会与情感能力的研究，为促进我国青少年社会与情感能力的培养提供了新途径。

关键词: 青少年, 成长型思维, 社会与情感能力, 回归分析

Abstract:

Mindset plays a decisive role in people’s words and deeds. This study adopted the OECD-Suzhou data to explore the growth mindset of 10-year-old and 15-year-old adolescents in social and emotional skills from the perspective of students, parents, and teachers, as well as the relationship between their thinking patterns and abilities. The results of the study show that, first, the growth mindset of students’ social and emotional skills is restricted by socioeconomic status. Second, the growth mindset of students, parents, and teachers’ social and emotional skills is significantly positive, relevant, and predictive for students’ social and emotional skills. This result has enriched the current research on growth-oriented mindset and society and skills, and pointed out and provided new ways and new measures to promote the cultivation of the social and emotional skills of our teenagers.

Key words: adolescents, growth mindset, social and emotional skills, regression analyses

黄忠敬, 尚凯悦, 张静. 成长型思维如何影响学生社会与情感能力的发展？——基于OECD社会与情感能力测评的实证分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2023, 41(4): 22-32.

Zhongjing Huang, Kaiyue Shang, Jing Zhang. Does Growth Mindset Affect Students’ Social and Emotional Skills Development: Empirical Analyses Based on OECD Social and Emotional Skills Study[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(4): 22-32.

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年龄		N	M（SD）	t	p	Cohen’d	95% CI
10岁	男	1977	6.81（2.28）	1.768	0.08	0.06	[?0.01, 0.27]
	女	1654	6.94（2.12）
	高社会经济地位	907	7.17（2.36）	4.607	0.00	0.22	[0.27, 0.67]
	低社会经济地位	907	6.70（2.00）
15岁	男	1849	6.94（2.00）	?0.324	0.75	0.01	[?0.15, 0.10]
	女	1755	6.92（1.83）
	高社会经济地位	903	7.18（1.97）	5.081	0.00	0.24	[0.28, 0.64]
	低社会经济地位	903	6.72（1.85）

		学生		家长		教师
		10岁	15岁	10岁	15岁	10岁	15岁
交往能力	果敢	0.13**	0.18**	0.05**	0.06**	0.02**	?0.01**
	乐群	0.18**	0.24**	0.07**	0.04**	?0.01*	?0.04**
	活力	0.18**	0.21**	0.07**	0.03**	0.02**	?0.02**
任务能力	毅力	0.17**	0.19**	0.06**	0.07**	?0.01**	?0.01**
	责任感	0.16**	0.20**	0.05**	0.02**	0.01*	< 0.01
	自控力	0.13**	0.16**	0.04**	0.05**	< 0.01	0.02*
情绪调节	抗压力	0.18**	0.16**	0.06**	0.01*	0.01**	?0.03**
	乐观	0.19**	0.23**	0.06**	0.05**	?0.02**	?0.02**
	情绪控制	0.13**	0.22**	0.03**	0.06**	?0.01**	?0.02**
协作能力	共情	0.16**	0.23**	0.04**	0.04**	?0.01**	?0.01**
	合作	0.16**	0.23**	0.04**	0.05**	< 0.01	< 0.01
	信任	0.10**	0.18**	0.01**	0.02**	?0.04**	?0.01
开放能力	包容度	0.17**	0.25**	0.04**	0.06**	< 0.01	?0.01
	好奇心	0.17**	0.24**	0.05**	0.07**	< 0.01	?0.01
	创造性	0.18**	0.23**	0.09**	0.06**	0.02**	?0.02**

		学生（N = 3635）				家长（N = 3572）				教师（N = 1397）
		R²	β	t	95% CI	R²	β	t	95% CI	R²	β	t	95% CI
交往能力	果敢	0.06	0.11**	36.21	[3.97, 4.42]	0.05	0.02**	6.40	[0.67, 1.25]	0.05	0.01**	4.03	[0.27, 0.78]
	乐群	0.06	0.17**	55.23	[7.89, 8.47]	0.03	0.05**	15.81	[2.67, 3.43]	0.03	?0.01**	?3.56	[?0.93, ?0.27]
	活力	0.06	0.17**	55.86	[7.44, 7.99]	0.03	0.05**	15.40	[2.43, 3.14]	0.03	0.02**	4.89	[0.46, 1.08]
任务能力	毅力	0.05	0.15**	49.58	[7.25, 7.85]	0.04	0.04**	12.44	[2.08, 2.86]	0.03	?0.02**	?5.97	[?1.37, ?0.69]
	责任感	0.07	0.15**	47.72	[7.32, 7.95]	0.05	0.03**	8.33	[1.33, 2.14]	0.04	< ?0.01	?0.98	[?0.54, 0.18]
	自控力	0.05	0.11**	36.20	[4.85, 5.41]	0.03	0.04**	9.55	[1.39, 2.11]	0.03	?0.01*	?2.29	[?0.68, ?0.05]
情绪调节	抗压力	0.05	0.16**	53.34	[8.09, 8.70]	0.02	0.04**	12.57	[2.18, 2.98]	0.02	?0.01	1.71	[?0.05, 0.66]
	乐观	0.06	0.18**	59.41	[9.07, 9.69]	0.03	0.04**	13.23	[2.33, 3.13]	0.03	?0.03**	?7.93	[?1.78, ?1.08]
	情绪控制	0.03	0.12**	39.22	[6.55, 7.24]	0.02	0.02**	5.15	[0.73, 1.62]	0.02	?0.02**	?5.88	[?1.55, ?0.78]
协作能力	共情	0.06	0.14**	46.34	[7.02, 7.64]	0.04	0.02**	6.24	[0.88, 1.69]	0.04	?0.01**	?3.21	[?0.93, ?0.23]
	合作	0.06	0.15**	48.96	[7.27, 7.87]	0.03	0.03**	8.07	[0.99, 1.02]	0.03	< ?0.01	?0.934	[?0.51, 0.18]
	信任	0.02	0.09**	29.12	[4.77, 5.45]	0.02	< ?0.01	?1.01	[?0.67, 0.22]	0.04	?0.02**	?4.87	[?1.18, ?0.50]
开放能力	包容度	0.06	0.15**	49.99	[7.32, 7.92]	0.04	0.02**	5.73	[0.75, 1.53]	0.02	?0.04**	?11.00	[?2.57, ?1.79]
	好奇心	0.03	0.16**	51.78	[6.94, 7.49]	0.04	0.03**	9.74	[1.41, 2.12]	0.04	< ?0.01	?2.86	[?0.77, ?0.14]
	创造性	0.10	0.17**	56.73	[8.29, 8.89]	0.07	0.06**	18.25	[3.21, 3.99]	0.07	0.01**	4.01	[0.35, 1.03]

		学生（N = 3613）				家长（N = 3491）				教师（N = 2327）
		R²	β	t	95% CI	R²	β	t	95% CI	R²	β	t	95% CI
交往能力	果敢	0.05	0.17**	38.30	[6.14, 6.81]	0.03	0.04**	9.28	[1.43, 2.20]	0.03	?0.01**	?2.94	[?0.80, ?0.16]
	乐群	0.07	0.22**	51.56	[9.50, 10.26]	0.02	0.03**	5.90	[0.85, 1.70]	0.02	?0.04**	?8.23	[?1.84, ?1.13]
	活力	0.07	0.20**	46.08	[7.65, 8.33]	0.03	0.02**	4.90	[0.59, 1.38]	0.03	?0.02**	?5.05	[?1.18, ?0.52]
任务能力	毅力	0.06	0.19**	42.47	[7.20, 7.89]	0.03	0.06**	12.56	[2.18, 2.98]	0.02	?0.02**	?3.79	[?0.99, ?0.31]
	责任感	0.05	0.19**	43.24	[8.32, 9.11]	0.02	0.01*	2.20	[0.06, 0.97]	0.02	< ?0.01	?0.25	[?0.43, 0.34]
	自控力	0.05	0.16**	35.35	[5.87, 6.55]	0.03	0.04**	8.60	[1.34, 2.13]	0.03	0.02**	3.37	[0.24, 0.90]
情绪调节	抗压力	0.05	0.16**	35.54	[6.70, 7.48]	0.03	< ?0.01	?0.43	[?0.55, 0.35]	0.03	?0.04**	?8.04	[?1.93, ?1.17]
	乐观	0.07	0.23**	53.68	[9.56, 10.28]	0.02	0.03**	7.06	[1.14, 2.02]	0.02	?0.02**	?4.44	[?1.20, ?0.47]
	情绪控制	0.08	0.21**	49.94	[6.45, 6.97]	0.04	0.05**	10.30	[1.81, 2.66]	0.04	?0.03**	?5.87	[?1.42, ?0.71]
协作能力	共情	0.08	0.20**	47.14	[8.42, 9.15]	0.02	0.02**	4.31	[0.51, 1.37]	0.02	?0.01**	?2.66	[?0.84, ?0.12]
	合作	0.06	0.22**	51.47	[9.48, 10.23]	0.01	0.04**	8.44	[1.45, 2.33]	0.01	?0.01	?1.16	[?0.58, 0.15]
	信任	0.03	0.17**	39.27	[7.49, 8.28]	0.00	0.02**	3.87	[0.44, 1.36]	<0.01	?0.01	2.40	[?0.84, 0.09]
开放能力	包容度	0.09	0.24**	55.48	[11.03, 11.84]	0.04	0.04**	9.12	[1.73, 2.68]	0.035	< ?0.01	?0.66	[?0.53, 0.27]
	好奇心	0.08	0.23**	52.74	[8.71, 9.39]	0.03	0.05**	11.11	[1.84, 2.62]	0.03	< ?0.01	?1.42	[?0.57, 0.09]
	创造性	0.10	0.21**	49.14	[9.16, 9.92]	0.06	0.03**	7.57	[1.27, 2.15]	0.06	?0.02**	?5.32	[?1.37, ?0.63]

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