华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 89-98.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.03.008

• 教师队伍建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于学生成绩的教师教学质量及其经济价值

雷万鹏, 马红梅   

  1. 华中师范大学教育学院,湖北省基础教育研究中心,武汉 430079
  • 接受日期:2021-12-06 出版日期:2022-03-01 发布日期:2022-03-01
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“乡村振兴背景下的农村教师工资成本补偿机制研究”(21YJA880045)

Evaluate and Value Teaching Performance Based on Students’ Achievement

Wanpeng Lei, Hongmei Ma   

  1. Faculty of Education, Central China Normal University/Hubei Institute for Basic Education Research, Wuhan 430079, China
  • Accepted:2021-12-06 Online:2022-03-01 Published:2022-03-01

摘要:

本文利用学生成绩残差分解方法探讨了教师教学质量及其经济价值问题。笔者利用误差相关模型预测学生成绩,将学生成绩的预测值与学生所在班级成绩的均分相减得到残差值,通过对残差值在班级层面加总平均,以此作为教师教学质量的代理变量。文章基于课题组在湖北和广东两省22个县区收集的数据,探讨了语文、数学和英语三科教师教学质量的差异及其对应的经济价值,其基本结论是:第一,教师教学质量存在较大个体差异,将中等水平的教师替换为69分位的“好教师”后,全班学生的三科成绩可以增值0.2-0.3个标准差,相当于学生一年的学习收获;若将中等水平的教师替换为前16%的“优秀教师”,全班成绩整体提高0.3-0.5个标准差。第二,教学质量高的教师能释放巨大的经济能量,若将“好教师”教的班级交给一个中等水平的教师,一个规模为49人的班级的全班学生毕业后在劳动力市场上的终身收入损失的总现值约为11万-24万元;“好教师”职业生涯中为其教过的所有学生带来的收入溢价的保守估价是425万元。本研究为评价教师教学绩效及高质量教师的经济价值提供了技术分析策略和操作路径。

关键词: 教学绩效, 残差分析, 高质量教师的经济价值

Abstract:

Error-component analysists argue that residuals generated by subtracting predicted values of test scores from the unconditional class-level mean and then aggregated at the class level can be regarded as teacher effectiveness. The paper tests this argument by using self-collected teacher-student matched data from 22 counties or districts in Hubei province and Guangdong province. Correlated random effect model (CRE) is employed to predict students’ test scores residuals, main findings of this paper are listed as below: (1) there are huge differences among teachers in terms of teaching performance, if a teacher of average quality is replaced by a colleague at 69 percentile whom Hanushek called “a good teacher”, the whole class will witness a net achievement gain of 0.2-0.3 standard deviations depending on which subject is under concern, the effect of which is equivalent to one-year acquisition of knowledge and skills. If he or she is replaced by a “great teacher” standing on the top 16% of the teaching performance distribution, test scores of the class will boost by 0.3-0.5 standard deviations. (2) The economic value of quality teachers is enormous, if a class of 49 students taught by a good teacher is assigned to an average teacher, the present value of earnings losses suffered by the whole cohort of students is between 110 thousand RMB and 240 thousand RMB. By our conservative estimation, the monetary value of a good instructor’s teaching is worth of at least 4.25 million more than a mediocre one across his or her 38-year career life. The article shades light on how to evaluate and value teaching performance.

Key words: teaching performance, residual analysis, economic value of quality teachers