华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 14-26.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.09.002

• 拔尖创新人才培养(特约主持人:李曼丽) • 上一篇    下一篇

我国高考体系对拔尖创新人才的早期识别成效研究

何元皓1, 鲍威2   

  1. 1. 四川大学公共管理学院,成都 610065
    2. 厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心,厦门 361005
  • 接受日期:2026-06-02 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-08-29
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金2023年度面上项目“新时代科技强国目标下组织支持对女性学者职业发展的激励机制研究”(72374015);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(20720241020)。

The Validity of China’s College Entrance Examination for Early Identification of Top Innovative Talents

Yuanhao He1, Wei Bao2   

  1. 1. School of Public Administration of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
    2. Center for Higher Education Development Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
  • Accepted:2026-06-02 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-08-29

摘要:

早期识别是拔尖创新人才培养的关键起点,不仅关乎后续人才培养成效,更深刻影响国家创新人才供给体系的整体运行效能。高考体系作为我国最大规模的升学选拔机制,以标准化考试制度为主体、多元化综合招生为补充,发挥着识别资优学生的重要功能。本文基于全国“双一流”高校学生追踪调查数据,系统评估我国高考体系对拔尖创新人才的早期识别成效。研究发现,尽管标准化高考分数对学生课业成绩、创新潜质与学术志趣等具有初步识别功能,但对综合素养卓越的资优学生的识别效度尚存局限。分析表明,结合标准化考试与多元化综合招生的复合型招考体制,能够更为有效地提升资优学生识别精度。此外,资优学生成长并非遵循“起点决定型”的线性路径,而是呈现明显的阶段性、生成性与情境依赖性特征。大学阶段的课程教学质量、深度师生互动与学生积极的学业参与,构成驱动资优学生卓越成长的关键因素。本文不仅在学理层面拓展了拔尖创新人才早期识别的研究视野,更在实践层面为推进高考体制改革与完善人才自主培养体系提供科学启示。

关键词: 拔尖创新人才, 高考制度, 早期识别, 资优学生

Abstract:

Early identification constitutes a pivotal stage in cultivating top innovative talents, bearing directly on the effectiveness of the innovation-oriented talent supply system. As China’s largest mechanism of educational selection, the college entrance examination (CEE) system, anchored in standardized testing and holistic admissions, plays an essential role in identifying talented students. Using longitudinal survey data of “Double First-Class” universities, this study systematically examines the validity of the CEE system in identifying talented students. The results reveal that although standardized CEE scores provide an initial screening signal for students’ academic performance, innovation-related capabilities, and academic aspirations, their validity in identifying talented students with outstanding comprehensive competence remains limited. Further analysis indicates that a combined selection system integrating standardized examinations with holistic admissions significantly enhances identification precision. Moreover, talented students’ development resists a linear interpretation based on initial conditions and instead follows a dynamic, stage-contingent, and context-dependent process. Instructional quality, close student-faculty interaction, and academic involvement during college emerge as decisive factors in talent formation. These results broaden the theoretical perspective on early identification and offer concrete implications for reforming the CEE and strengthening autonomous talent cultivation systems.

Key words: top innovative talents, college entrance examination, identification, talented student

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