什么才是高阶思维？——以“新旧知识关系建立”为核心的高阶思维概念框架

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高阶思维是核心素养的重要组成部分，对其概念和内涵进行界定和剖析具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。高阶思维是个体适应环境、寻找认知平衡的关键能力。建构主义理论认为个体并非被动地接收外界的信息，而是主动的、积极的知识建构者。在具体的认知情境中，高阶思维表现为个体通过识别已有知识和外部信息之间的联系，将背景知识迁移到新的情境中，解决复杂环境中没有确定答案的问题。高阶思维并非单一的思维过程，而是多种认知成分协同作用的复杂思维过程。高阶思维的概念框架需要包含“对问题情境的分析”“新旧知识的关系建立”“不同维度信息的综合”“创新性知识的产生”，以及“对思维过程的监督、管理和调节”五个方面的认知成分，并且能够阐释五个认知成分之间如何相互作用、彼此影响、协调发展的过程。这一概念框架为解读高阶思维提供了新的理论视角，为深入研究高阶思维的发展规律和培养机制奠定了理论基础。

关键词: 高阶思维, 建构主义, 分析, 关系建立, 综合, 创造, 元认知

Abstract:

Higher-order thinking is a key competence for individuals to adapt to external environments and cope with future challenges. The theory of constructivism argues that people do not passively receive information from the environment, but actively construct knowledge to update their mental models. In authentic learning contexts, higher-order thinking manifests as the ability to identify the connection between prior knowledge and external information, transfer background knowledge to a new situation, and solve complex problems that do not have definite answers. Higher-order thinking is not a single thought process, but a complex cognitive process in which multiple mental operations coordinately work together. The conceptual framework of higher-order thinking incorporates the analysis of problem situations, the identification and formation of the relationship between old and new knowledge, the synthesis of information from different dimensions, the creation of new knowledge, and the monitoring, management and adjustment of the thinking process. The conceptual framework explains how the five cognitive components influence each other and synergistically regulate the process of cognitive development. The framework provides a new theoretical perspective for interpreting higher-order thinking, and lays a theoretical foundation for in-depth research on the developmental mechanism of higher-order thinking.

Key words: higher-order thinking, constructivism, analyze, identify connections, synthesize, create, metacognition

马淑风, 杨向东. 什么才是高阶思维？——以“新旧知识关系建立”为核心的高阶思维概念框架[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2022, 40(11): 58-68.

Shufeng Ma, Xiangdong Yang. A Conceptual Framework of Higher-order Thinking[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2022, 40(11): 58-68.

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参考文献 0

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