父母控制亚型及其对青少年适应的影响：基于潜在转变分析

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

父母控制是指父母在对子女实施教养活动的过程中，用以控制、管理子女的较为稳定的行为方式，对儿童青少年的心理发展和社会适应具有重要且直接的影响。本研究使用初中生的两年追踪数据，基于以个体为中心的研究方法，探讨我国父母控制的亚型、转变特点及其对青少年适应的影响。主要发现如下：（1）父母控制可以分成三种亚型：低心理控制-中行为控制（低-中控制）、中心理控制-中行为控制（中-中控制）和高心理控制-高行为控制（高-高控制），在两个时间点都是中-中控制亚型的家长比例最多，分别约占六成和五成。（2）父母控制亚型会随着时间产生转变，从初一到初二，近七成的父母控制亚型保持稳定，约有三成出现转变。初一的中-中控制亚型约有三分之二在初二时没有变化，约两成在初二时变成高-高控制亚型。（3）父母控制亚型对主观幸福感、网络成瘾、亲子冲突等适应结果有显著影响，其中高-高控制亚型最不利于青少年适应的发展，低-中控制亚型最有利于青少年适应的发展。本研究为不同类型的父母控制进行精准干预奠定了实证研究基础。

关键词: 父母控制, 青少年适应, 潜在剖面分析, 潜在转变分析

Abstract:

Parental control refers to a relatively stable behavior pattern used by parents to control and manage their children in the process of parenting activities, which has an important and direct influence on the psychological development and social adaptation of children and adolescents. This study explored the profiles of parental control, transformational characteristics and its impact on adaptation among Chinese adolescents based on a longitudinal study and a person-centered approach. The main findings are as follows. First, the parental control of Chinese parents is heterogeneous with three profiles: low-medium control (i.e., low psychological control-medium behavior control, and so on), medium-medium control and high-high control. The proportion of parents in the medium-medium control group was the highest at the two time points, which were about 60 percent and 50 percent respectively. Second, the profiles of parental control change as time passes. From the first grade to the second grade of junior middle school, there were about 70 percent of parental control profiles remaining stable and around 30 percent mainly changing to adjacent profiles. If the profile of medium-medium control is not maintained in the first grade, it will be more likely to become high-high control. Third, the profiles of parental control have significant effects on adolescents’ adaptation (including subjective well-being, Internet addiction and parent-child conflict). Above all, this study lays a foundation for empirical research on the precise intervention of different profiles of parental control.

Key words: parental control, adolescents’ adaptation, latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis

何妍, 袁柯曼, 张明明, 边玉芳. 父母控制亚型及其对青少年适应的影响：基于潜在转变分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2023, 41(1): 25-39.

Yan He, Keman Yuan, Mingming Zhang, Yufang Bian. The Profiles of Parental Control and its Influence on Adolescents’ Adaptation: Based on Latent Transition Analysis[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(1): 25-39.

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时间点	模型	χ²	df	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	SRMR	RMSEA
T1	8因子	16168.05	2116	7.64	0.826	0.818	0.057	0.056
T1	8因子+方法因子	14022.86	2049	6.84	0.851	0.840	0.045	0.053
T2	8因子	18280.49	2116	8.64	0.813	0.805	0.062	0.060
T2	8因子+方法因子	15851.62	2049	7.74	0.840	0.828	0.048	0.057

	T1		T2
	M	SD	M	SD
内疚引导	3.17	0.91	3.27	0.97
爱的收回	2.61	1.14	2.65	1.20
权威专断	3.54	1.10	3.52	1.15
主动询问	3.45	0.90	3.46	0.91
行为约束	3.70	0.94	3.71	0.94
心理控制	3.08	0.89	3.14	0.96
行为控制	3.57	0.80	3.58	0.80

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1内疚引导	1	0.73**	0.71**	0.31**	0.34**	0.96**	0.38**	?0.17**	0.22**	0.42**
2爱的收回	0.71**	1	0.56**	0.17**	0.21**	0.87**	0.22**	?0.31**	0.27**	0.49**
3权威专断	0.65**	0.45**	1	0.30**	0.31**	0.79**	0.35**	?0.14**	0.18**	0.33**
4主动询问	0.35**	0.19**	0.36**	1	0.50**	0.29**	0.86**	0.14**	?0.00	0.15**
5行为约束	0.38**	0.21**	0.36**	0.50**	1	0.32**	0.87**	0.11**	?0.03	0.15**
6心理控制总分	0.96**	0.85**	0.74**	0.34**	0.37**	1	0.36**	?0.23**	0.25**	0.47**
7行为控制总分	0.42**	0.24**	0.42**	0.86**	0.87**	0.41**	1	0.15**	?0.02	0.17**
8主观幸福感	?0.10**	?0.21**	?0.06**	0.13**	0.09**	?0.14**	0.13**	1	?0.30**	?0.27**
9 网络成瘾	0.15**	0.25**	0.08**	?0.04*	?0.10**	0.19**	?0.08**	?0.23**	1	0.42**
10亲子冲突	0.32**	0.44**	0.19**	0.08**	0.10**	0.38**	0.10**	?0.23**	0.31**	1

时间	Class	LL	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	类别概率
T1	1class	?14906.65	29833.30	29889.84	29858.07	—	—
	2class	?13831.08	27694.16	27784.63	27733.80	0.792	0.66/0.34
	3class	?13324.07	26692.14	26816.54	26746.64	0.844	0.17/0.60/0.23
	4class	?13119.93	26295.86	26454.19	26365.23	0.792	0.19/0.22/0.39/0.19
	5class	?12919.93	25907.86	26100.11	25992.09	0.814	0.07/0.13/0. 43/0.15/0.22
T2	1class	?15248.58	30517.15	30573.69	30541.92	—	—
	2class	?13974.90	27981.79	28072.26	28021.43	0.810	0.58/0.42
	3class	?13495.15	27034.30	27158.70	27088.80	0.821	0.22/0.50/0.28
	4class	?13348.92	26753.84	26912.16	26823.21	0.778	0.26/0.16/0.33/0.25
	5class	?13192.23	26452.45	26644.70	26536.68	0.782	0.16/0.27/0.19/0.15/0.22

时间	潜在类别 (百分比)	平均归属各类的概率
时间	潜在类别 (百分比)	类1	类2	类3
T1	类1 (17.2%)	0.920	0.080	0.000
	类2 (60.3%)	0.039	0.929	0.032
	类3 (22.5%)	0.000	0.056	0.944
T2	类1 (21.8%)	0.912	0.088	0.000
	类2 (49.7%)	0.049	0.911	0.040
	类3 (28.5%)	0.000	0.061	0.939