华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 116-130.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.10.010

• 共同富裕与高等教育发展 • 上一篇    

高等教育扩张、人力资本传导与实现共同富裕

胡耀宗1,2, 姚昊3   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学教育学部，上海 200062
    2. 华东师范大学教育经济实验室，上海 200062
    3. 同济大学高等教育研究所，上海 200092
  • 出版日期:2023-10-01 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 基金资助:
    上海市哲学社会科学规划教育学一般项目“我国高等教育普及化阶段的公平、质量、结构及布局研究”（A2021008）

Higher Education Expansion, Human Capital Transmission and Achieving Common Wealth

Yaozong Hu1,2, Hao Yao3   

  1. 1. Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    2. Education Economics Laboratory, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
    3. Institute of Higher Education of Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 , China
  • Online:2023-10-01 Published:2023-09-27

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摘要：

共同富裕目标实现的核心在于增加居民收入和缩小收入差距，高等教育扩张通过人力资本的传导所发挥的作用值得探究。基于2003—2019年中国31个省份的面板数据，采用面板回归模型、β收敛分析和面板门槛回归模型检验，可以发现，高等教育规模扩张、结构变化和质量提升均对共同富裕产生显著影响；本专科和研究生规模扩张、研究生规模占比提高和表征高等教育质量的生均经费增加都能明显促进居民可支配收入增加；研究生规模增长与结构变化对居民可支配收入的影响呈现非线性的关系，扩张对促进收入增长的影响伴随着研究生规模和比例的增加而增强，高等教育扩张通过提升人力资本水平从而增加人均可支配收入；扩张同时驱动人力资本省际差距收敛，形成弱势地区的经济追赶效应，从而缩小省际的居民收入绝对差距，同时也存在人力资本规模以及人力资本集聚的门槛效应。这些研究的政策涵义是，立足高等教育扩张对科技创新和人才供给的历史新方位落实共同富裕战略目标，面向2035年启动谋划高等教育毛入学率至80%的目标，通过高等教育布局优化、培育地区创新人力资本缩小地区居民收入差距，完善高等教育经费多元化投入体制机制，积极面对人力资本集聚现象，发挥国家重大战略区域促进共同富裕的集群和引领作用。

关键词: 高等教育扩张, 人力资本, 扩大居民收入, 缩小收入差距, 共同富裕

Abstract:

The key point of achieving the goal of common prosperity lies in increasing residents’ income and narrowing the income gap, and how higher education expansion through the transmission of human capital can make sense in this process deserves more exploration. Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2003-2019, by using panel regression models, beta convergence analysis and panel threshold regression model tests, this article found higher education expansion, structural changes and quality improvement all had significant impacts on the realization of common prosperity. Moreover, the expansion of undergraduate and postgraduate education, the improvement of the postgraduate proportion and the increase in per capita funding which is one of the main characteristics of higher education quality all significantly contribute to the increase of the per capita disposable income. Meanwhile, there is a nonlinear relationship between the growth of the graduate student scale and the change of structure and the residents’ disposable income. The impact of higher education expansion on income growth increases with the size and proportion of postgraduates, and the expansion of higher education increases per capita disposable income by raising human capital. Higher education expansion also drives the convergence of inter-provincial disparities in human capital, creating an economic catch-up effect in disadvantaged areas. The expansion also drives the convergence of inter-provincial disparities in human capital, creating an economic catch-up effect in disadvantaged areas, thereby reducing the absolute inter-provincial disparity in residential income, as well as the threshold effects of human capital size and human capital concentration. The policy implications of this study are to implement the strategic goal of common prosperity based on the new historical orientation of higher education expansion on science and technology innovation and talent supply, to initiate planning for the gross enrolment rate of higher education to 80% by 2035. Moreover, through optimizing the layout of higher education, cultivating regional innovation human capital, this study tries to find a way to narrow the regional residents’ income gap and improve the institutional mechanism of diversified investment in higher education funding, actively face the human capital agglomeration phenomenon and stimulate the role of clustering and leading of national major strategic regions to promote the realization of common prosperity.

Key words: higher education expansion, human capital, increase residents’ income, narrow the income gap, common prosperity