华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 64-76+162.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2018.01.008

• 基本理论与基本问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

“超越因材施教”的小学分班原则研究

卢晓东1,2   

  1. 1. 北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所, 北京 100871;
    2. 北京大学中国教育财政科学研究所, 北京 100871
  • 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-01-12
  • 基金资助:
    教育部综合改革司委托课题"教育功能系统研究";教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"经济新常态下的教育财政研究"(16JJD880002)。

Principles of Student Placement in Elementary School: Beyond Teaching in Accordance with Learners' Aptitude

LU Xiaodong1,2   

  1. Institute of Economics of Education, Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-01-12

摘要: 打散分班在教育理念上超越因材施教,作为小学分班原则可能在八个方面带来新的教育价值:第一,幼儿园升入小学的任何考试、面试都是无用功,本质上有害;第二,从语义上、也从教育实践中根本消解了"不要输在起跑线上"这个家喻户晓的隐喻;第三,使得学生与固定教师相处短暂,学生没有充分时间被教师"确定地""毫无怀疑地"戴上"后进生"的标签;"后进生"概念从根本上被消解,"后进生"转化工作也从逻辑上被取消,"留级生"概念将淡化;第四,在小学教育中引入了更多真实、频繁的变化,给予学生机会在真实、具体的频繁变化中学习变化、习惯变化;第五,帮助学生从固定的小"朋友圈"中走出来,形成大的"朋友圈",使学生在小学就开始学习与陌生人快速熟悉,有珍贵的机会去快速认识和熟悉新朋友、新环境,使其能适应分工与合作的现在与未来;第六,教师资源分配将比"抽签"公平更加公平公正,学生向名师学习的机会更加均等;第七,旧的分班制度使学生成为班主任和任课教师的"人质",打散分班使学生不再是"人质"而获得解放;第八,彻底消解了家长择班动机。打散分班可能是未来中国小学分班制度的发展方向。

关键词: 择班, 师生关系, 后进生, 起跑线, 班主任

Abstract: Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is a classical education principle in China. Despite its advantages, there exist such problems as studentstereotypes by their teachers or classmates over the 6-year fixed placement in the same elementary school. Therefore, it's necessary to break up the fixed placement of students beyond the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. This may introduce new values in schools from eight aspects. First, the entrance examination and interview for kindergarten children to enter the elementary school would be useless and harmful. Second, the Chinese metaphor of Never lose at the starting line could be semantically and practically dispelled. Third, there would be little chance for teachers to label certain students underachievers. Fourth,more authentic, frequent changes could take place in primaryschools, which could enable students to learn in a changing world. Fifth, it is possible for students to get out of the small fixed circle of friends into a large circle of friends in schools.Sixth, teaching resources could be allocated more impartially. Seventh, breaking up the fixed placement of students could liberate the students, who would otherwise be the hostage of their teachers. Finally,parents would have no intention of class choice on their children's behalf.

Key words: class choice, teacher-student relationship, underachiever, starting line, a class tutor