中国农村贫困地区0-3岁婴幼儿面临的挑战及可能的解决方案

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 个体生命的第一个1000天是大脑发育最关键的时期，同时也是投资回报率最高的时期。中国在儿童早期发展方面取得了伟大的成就，但中国农村贫困地区儿童在认知、语言、社交情绪和运动早期发展等方面仍面临一定挑战：一半儿童存在认知发展风险，52%的儿童存在语言发展风险，且随时间推移风险不断增大。这与农村贫困地区照养人在喂养行为、养育行为和抑郁倾向方面还存在一些问题有关。研究显示，照养人喂养知识严重缺乏，仅13%的照养人用故事书给婴幼儿讲故事，23.5%的照养人存在抑郁倾向。针对挑战背后的原因，项目组结合多年行动研究经验，相继提出并实施营养包干预、入户干预、儿童早期发展活动中心等多种可行的解决方案，也对它们的实际效果进行了评估，以供政策制定者和执行者参考。希望相关部门从中国的实际情况出发，在已有基础上加大国家在儿童早期发展领域的投入，着力解决占有较大比例的农村贫困地区儿童的早期发展问题，共同促进儿童早期的全面发展，从根源上解决人力资本的发展问题。

关键词: 农村贫困地区, 0-3岁婴幼儿, 早期发展, 挑战及解决方案

Abstract: Brain development during the first 1000 days of life is critical and has the greatest return to investment. This paper describes the challenges for cognitive, language and social emotional development, as well as health, for children 0-3 years old in rural China. Based on the result of randomized control trials on early childhood development, we also offer some possible solutions to address these challenges. We find that almost half of the children surveyed in rural China are at risk for cognitive delays, and the risk of delay increases over time. The reason behind this is that caregivers in poor rural areas overall do not engage in interactive parenting practices; they are also at risk for depression and do not engage in proper feeding practices. Only 13 percent of the caregivers tell stories to their children using story books. In addition, 23.5 percent of caregivers experience depression. Most of the caregivers also lack knowledge of proper feeding practices for young children. Based on these findings, this study proposes that policy makers implement home visiting programs, establish early childhood development centers and develop other policy solutions to address these problems. It's hoped that the government can consider the circumstances of rural children and increase investment in early childhood development, which can help solve the high rates of developmental delays among rural children and promote human capital development.

Key words: poor rural area, 0-3 years old children, early development, challenge and solution

岳爱, 蔡建华, 白钰, 汤蕾, 史耀疆, 罗仁福, 罗斯高. 中国农村贫困地区0-3岁婴幼儿面临的挑战及可能的解决方案[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2019, 37(3): 1-16.

Yue Ai, Cai Jianhua, Bai Yu, Tang Lei, Shi Yaojiang, Luo Renfu, Scott Rozelle. Challenges and Possible Solutions for Children 0-3 Years Old in Poor Rural China[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2019, 37(3): 1-16.

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