关键词: 乡村振兴, 农村教育, 学前教师, 测算模型, 编制标准

Abstract:

Improving the quality of education plays a crucial role in the development of preschool education, while the keystone of education quality lies in the construction of the team of teachers. At present, the teachers of public kindergartens in our country are mainly temporary staff, but this can’t thoroughly guarantee the quantity, quality and team stability of teachers. In addition, using the single-dimensional index of teacher-to-child ratio or teacher-to-class ratio to compute the number of teachers can’t realize a balance between the supply and the demand of staffing. In order to popularize high-quality preschool education, “how to allocate teachers of public kindergartens” has become a major problem that needs to be solved urgently. The experience of preschool teacher allocation in nine countries including the United States, France and Japan shows that granting preschool teachers the status of public officials is beneficial for the education department to scientifically allocate the number of teachers, strictly control the qualifications of teachers and uniformly regulate the professional behavior of teachers. It can also better protect teachers’ welfare benefits, promotion and other rights and interests. The contract employee system can promptly dismiss surplus teachers according to the changing trends of preschool children. However, its promotion has higher requirements on the construction of contract legal system and the level of economic development. At present, the economic development of China is unbalanced and insufficient, and there are still many weaknesses in the contract management system of public institution. Therefore, comprehensively promoting the contract employee system has a high risk coefficient. We should insist on authorized strength as the basic way of arranging teachers for public kindergartens, take the kindergarten as the accounting unit, and regard grade distribution, child-care and teaching activities, and teachers’ working hours as basic parameters. We have built a calculation model that takes into account nursery needs, teachers’ reasonable workload and utilization efficiency of human resource. Additionally, it is supposed to simultaneously push forward supporting reforms such as financial allocation, preschool teacher staffing management, normal education and treatment system. In this way, the local government can approve authorized size of teachers on demand and replenish sufficient teachers according to authorized size.

Key words: the rural revitalization strategy, rural education, preschool teachers, calculation model of preschool teachers, authorized number of teachers