华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 96-106.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.04.008

• 职业教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

技能形成中的国家、行会与劳工——基于英国行会学徒制演化的社会学分析

王星   

  1. 南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津 300371
  • 发布日期:2020-04-13
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目“国家技能形成体制与劳工社会保护”(16BSH068)

The State, Guild and Labour in the Process of Skill Formation: A Sociological Approach to the Evolution of Appenticeship in England

Wang Xing   

  1. Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin 300371, China
  • Published:2020-04-13

摘要: 英国行会学徒制的发展在时间跨度上从12世纪初期一直延续到20世纪中期,分为传统行会学徒制、国家立法学徒制和工业革命学徒制三个阶段。在传统行会学徒制中,劳动雇佣关系、师徒技能传承关系以及社会身份关系之间相互嵌入,为传统行会学徒制的技能形成奠定了社会基础。资本主义自由市场的力量释放颠覆了传统行会学徒制赖以存在的社会基础。商人直接支配生产改变了行会经济中的生产关系,商人阶层成为剩余价值的占有者,同时也导致师傅阶层出现分化,出现了所谓的小师傅阶层。工业革命后,学徒制管制权力由行会转移到技工工会,学徒制逐渐沦为劳资斗争的工具。引发英国行会学徒制陷入危机并走向瓦解的深层根源在于社会结构的转型变迁。

关键词: 行会组织, 技工工会, 学徒制, 技能形成

Abstract: The apprenticeship system of England was working from 12th century to 20th century. The process of its evolution can be divided into three stages, namely handicraft period, state intervention period, and industry revolution period. During the handicraf period, the apprenticeship system was embeded into the social relationship between master class and apprentice class, thus building the social base for its skill formation. The power of free market changed this kind of social base, and the mode of merchant dominated production meant the change of production relationship. This also led to the stratification of master class. During the industry revolution, the regulation power of apprenticeship moved from guild to skilled trade union. The apprenticeship was reduced to the tool of labour conflict. In conclusion, the failure of apprenticeship resulted from the change of social class structure in England rather than technical innovation.

Key words: guild, skilled worker union, apprenticeship, skill formation