华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 86-101.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.06.006

• 农村教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

留守儿童家庭结构中的亲代在位

吴重涵, 戚务念   

  1. 江西省教育科学研究所,南昌 330038
  • 发布日期:2020-06-23
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学招标重点课题“家校合作的国际经验与本土化实践研究”(AHA180014);中国教育科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助2020年度重大项目“基于抗疫背景的中小学家校共育改革研究”(GYA2020001)

Parental Generational Tenure in the Family Structure of Left-behind Children

Wu Chonghan, Qi Wunian   

  1. Jiangxi Institute of Education Science, Nanchang 330038, China
  • Published:2020-06-23

摘要: 社会经济转型、城乡二元结构背景下,农村劳动力大量地向城市转移,导致农村留守家庭与隔代教养现象普遍存在。然而,父母缺场、亲子分离并不必然带来父母养育缺位、亲子关系断裂。主体的视角超越了二元对立的预设,在结构中创造属于自己的历史。留守儿童在社会文化的熏陶、亲子关系的感知、学校与社区重要他人的替代中,形成了基于自身视角的亲代在位的认知图式。儿童内心的亲代在位结构可划分为三个层次,分别是基础层次(象征父母与先验父母)、核心层次(具象父母与责任父母)、支持层次(监护人对于父母形象的维系以及重要他人的代理父母位置)。这样一个儿童视角的亲代在位解释框架,对于学校做好同留守儿童家庭的沟通与合作,对于理性选择留守儿童家庭教育的方法,具有启示意义。

关键词: 亲代在位, 农村留守家庭, 隔代抚养, 家校合作

Abstract: Social economic transformation and urban-rural dual structure, as well as the transfer of rural labor force to cities have led to the widespread phenomenon of rural left-behind families and intergenerational upbringing. However, the absence or separation of parents does not necessarily lead to the absence of parental rearing or break-up of parent-child relationship. The subjective perspective transcends the presupposition of binary opposition, creating its own history in the structure. Through the edification of social culture, the perception of parent-child relationship, and the substitution of important others in schools and communities, left-behind children develop a cognitive schema of parental generational tenure based on their own perspectives. The structure of parental generational tenure in children can be divided into three levels, Basic Level (symbolizing parents and transcendental parents), Core Level (concrete parents and responsible parents), Support Level (guardian’s maintenance of parent’s role and the important position of acting parent). Such an interpretation framework of parental generational tenure from a child’s perspective has an important enlightenment, for schools to communicate and cooperate with families of Left-behind children, and for rational choice of methods of family education for left-behind children.

Key words: parental generational tenure, rural left-behind families, intergenerational upbringing, school-family partnerships