华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 21-33.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.10.002

• 纪念人力资本理论诞生六十周年 • 上一篇    下一篇

人力资本和物质资本对经济增长贡献的一个实证分析——纪念人力资本理论诞生六十周年

黄依梵, 丁小浩, 陈然, 闵维方   

  1. 北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所,北京 100871
  • 发布日期:2020-10-20
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京大学教育经济研究所2016年度重大项目“经济新常态背景下的教育与经济增长”(16JJD880004)

An Empirical Analysis of the Contribution of Human Capital and Physical Capital to Economic Growth: Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of Human Capital Theory

Huang Yifan, Ding Xiaohao, Chen Ran, Min Weifang   

  1. Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Published:2020-10-20

摘要: 对人力资本和物质资本在经济增长中贡献的比较是教育经济学的一个核心问题。本文分别用传统GDP和绿色GDP衡量经济增长,采用1990—2014年共143个国家和地区的面板数据,把人力资本要素引入到索洛模型当中,将经济增长对人力资本和物质资本的产出弹性进行比较,并分析了不同经济水平、不同产业结构下的弹性比值。研究结果表明,无论是传统GDP还是绿色GDP对于人力资本的弹性都要大于对物质资本的弹性;与传统GDP相比,反映经济可持续发展水平的绿色GDP对人力资本的变动更为敏感,尤其是处于较发达阶段的经济体。本文为更加深刻理解人力资本在经济增长中的作用提供了一个实证依据。

关键词: 经济增长, 物质资本, 人力资本, 产出弹性, 索洛模型

Abstract: The comparison of the contribution of human capital and physical capital to economic growth is a core issue of economics of education. We use traditional GDP and green GDP to measure economic growth, adopt panel data from 143 countries and regions from 1990 to 2014, introduce human capital into the Solow model to compare the output elasticity of human capital and physical capital and analyze their elastic ratios at different economic levels and different industrial structures. The result shows that both traditional GDP and green GDP are more flexible to human capital than to physical capital. Also, compared with traditional GDP, green GDP, which reflects the level of sustainable economic development, is more sensitive to the changes of human capital, especially when it is an economy in a more developed stage. This research provides an empirical basis for a deeper understanding of the role of human capital in economic growth.

Key words: economic growth, physical capital, human capital, output elasticity, Solow model