华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 26-37.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.06.003

• 基本理论与基本问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

普职分流政策的变迁:脉络、结构与逻辑

金金, 程天君   

  1. 南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京 210097
  • 出版日期:2023-06-01 发布日期:2023-05-30
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“新时代教育公平的国家战略、推进策略与社会支持研究”(VGA220002)

The Changes of the Academic and Vocational Education Streaming Policy: Sequence, Structure, and Logic

Jin Jin, Tianjun Cheng   

  1. School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
  • Online:2023-06-01 Published:2023-05-30

摘要:

改革开放迄今四十余年间,普职分流政策的有效落实为中等教育结构改革、国家经济建设与人力资源开发作出了巨大贡献。未来时期,随着社会环境的改变,普职分流也面临诸多争议与挑战。深入理解当前分流矛盾与明晰未来政策走向,还需“面向历史”,而基于历史制度主义视角的审视不失为有效途径。通过梳理改革开放以来的政策文本可以发现,我国普职分流政策变迁呈现出以政府为主导的渐进性制度变迁特征,经历了以经济建设为中心的中职恢复、从“追求效率”到“注重合理”的分流探索、高校扩招冲击下的分流滑坡与“以人为本”理念下的普职融合四个阶段。产业结构调整、国家治理改革与“以人为本”文化观念的转变作为“深层结构”推动政策发展,微观行动主体与政策间的互动也为其变革带来契机。理性看待普职分流政策的“路径依赖”与政策变革、充分发挥制度背景对政策的引导与推动作用、建立“分散决策”与“多元合作”机制等是突破制度梗阻、实现路径优化的有效途径。

关键词: 普职分流, 教育政策, 变迁脉络, 制度逻辑, 历史制度主义

Abstract:

Over the past 40 years since the Reform and Opening-up, the effective implementation of the academic and vocational education streaming policy has made great contributions to the structural reform of secondary education, the national economic construction, and the human resources development. In the future, with the changes of the social environment, the streaming will also face many disputes and challenges. To deeply understand the current streaming contradiction and clarify the future institutional trend, we need to “face the history”, and examinations based on the perspective of Historical Institutionalism is an effective way. Through reviewing the policy texts since the Reform and Opening-up, it is found that the development of China’s streaming policy shows the characteristics of gradual institutional change dominated by the state, and has experienced four stages: the recovery of the secondary vocational education with the aim of economic construction, the streaming exploration from pursuing efficiency to emphasizing reasonableness, the streaming landslide under the impact of college enrollment expansion, and the integration of the vocational and academic education under the concept of “people-oriented”. The adjustment of industrial structure, the reform of national governance and the prevalence of the cultural concept of people-oriented have promoted policy development as the overarching structure, and the interaction between the micro actors and the policies also has brought opportunities for its reform. Rationally viewing the “path dependence” and policy reform, giving full play to the role of institutional background in guiding and promoting policies, and establishing “decentralized decision-making” and “diversified cooperation” mechanisms are the effective ways to break through the institutional obstruction and realize the path optimization.

Key words: the academic and vocational education streaming, educational policy, historical sequence, institutional logic, Historical Institutionalism