华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 33-46.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.003

• 中国经验 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国农村贫困地区婴幼儿社交情绪发展及影响分析的实证研究

李珊珊1, 王博雅1, 陈鹏2, 汤蕾1, 史耀疆1   

  1. 1. 陕西师范大学教育实验经济研究所, 西安 710119;
    2. 陕西师范大学教育学院, 西安 710119
  • 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-05-21
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（2017TS054）；国家自然科学基金项目（71703083、71703084、71803108）；高等学校学科创新引智计划（B16031）。

Trend and Risk Factors of Early Childhood Social Emotional Development: Based on the Survey Findings from Poor Rural China

Li Shanshan1, Wang Boya1, Chen Peng2, Tang Lei1, Shi Yaojiang1   

  1. 1. Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China;
    2. College of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
  • Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-05-21

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摘要： 社交情绪作为婴幼儿早期发展的重要组成部分，对个体未来的人力资本发展和社会发展都具有重要意义。本研究针对农村贫困地区5-24个月龄婴幼儿，使用分层抽样的方法，通过《年龄与发育进程：社交情绪》量表评估婴幼儿社交情绪发展①水平，分析当前农村贫困地区婴幼儿社交情绪发展的趋势及其可能的风险因素。研究结果表明，44.18%的样本婴幼儿存在社交情绪发展滞后的风险，在一年后的追踪数据中这一比例高达63.38%。影响婴幼儿社交情绪发展的主要因素有：（1）婴幼儿个体特征。在未采取任何干预的情况下，随着年龄的增长，婴幼儿社交情绪发展滞后的风险越高。女孩的社交情绪发展水平较之男孩更好。（2）家庭成员特征。母亲作为第一照养人或者母亲的教育水平都对儿童社交情绪发展水平有积极作用。（3）家庭特征。儿童较小时，家庭经济情况越好，其社交情绪发展水平更好。在一年后的追踪数据中并未发现家庭经济情况的影响作用。（4）经常采取吼孩子、打屁股、拿走东西等对孩子有长期的负面影响，跟孩子解释原因对其社交情绪发展有长期的促进作用。基于此，我国政府应将婴幼儿早期发展服务纳入公共服务体系，为农村地区照养人提供科学的养育知识，并为农村母亲提供更多的本地就业机会，使婴幼儿在良好的亲子陪伴中健康成长。除此之外，还需加强现有的儿童早期发展项目的评估，进行资源整合，探索一个适合我国农村家庭的干预模式。

关键词: 农村贫困地区, 早期发展, 社交情绪, 风险因素

Abstract: The overall improved quality of the population is a critical factor of sustained economic development. It is of great significance to improve the level of social emotional development of infants in rural China. Social emotion, as an important component of early childhood development, is the basis for human capital development. In this study, which focuses on the social-emotional development of children in rural China, infants 6-24 months old were randomly selected. Using Age and Stages Questionnaires:Social-Emotion, we study the current and future development and factors affecting the development of infants' social emotion in poor rural China. The results show that 44.18% of the infants have social emotional developmental delays in baseline, and the proportion of children with such delays increases to 63.38% in the following-up data. The level of social emotional development of girls is better than that of boys. We also discovered that mothers played an important role in promoting social emotional development of infants both in baseline and following-up survey. In addition, good parenting behavior plays an important role in promoting the social development of infants. In order to promote the development of infants and young children in poor rural areas, the government needs to increase investment in early childhood development, disseminate relevant information in rural areas to increase awareness, fundamentally change parenting in rural areas, provide more local employment opportunities for mothers in rural areas, and ultimately promote the healthy development of infants' social emotion. Finally, it is advisable to strengthen the assessment of early childhood development projects and explore an intervention model suitable for families in rural China.

Key words: rural areas, early childhood development, social emotion, influencing factors