开放能力：中国青少年社会与情感能力测评分报告之四

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开放能力是社会与情感能力的五大维度之一，在OECD的研究框架下包含包容度、好奇心和创造性这3项能力。本报告基于苏州市10岁组和15岁组学生参与OECD社会与情感能力测评的数据，运用描述统计、差异检验和回归分析等方法呈现苏州学生的开放能力表现。研究发现：开放能力在年龄、性别、学校位置（城乡）和学校类别（普通高中—职业高中）上存在显著差异；开放能力受背景、学生、教师、学校和家庭层面相关因素的影响较为显著；开放能力对各种生活结果变量有显著影响。因此，培养学生开放能力需要科学而精准的政策支持。

关键词: 开放能力, 包容度, 好奇心, 创造性, 社会与情感能力测评

Abstract:

Open-mindedness is one of the five dimensions of social and emotional skills under the research framework of OECD. It includes three skills: tolerance, curiosity and creativity. Based on the data of 10-year-old and 15-year-old students’ participation in OECD’s study on Social and Emotional Skills in Suzhou, this report presents the open-mindedness performance of Suzhou students by using descriptive statistics, difference test and regression analysis. The study finds that there are considerable gaps on open-mindedness scores with respect to age and gender, school location (urban vs. rural), and high school stream (general vs. vocational). Open-mindedness is significantly affected by background, student, teacher, school, and family-related factors; it has a significant impact on life outcome variables. Therefore, the cultivation of students’ open-mindedness needs more scientific and accurate policy support.

Key words: open-mindedness, tolerance, curiosity, creativity, study on social and emotional skills(SSES)

邵志芳, 刘志, 杨舒豫, 黄忠敬. 开放能力：中国青少年社会与情感能力测评分报告之四[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(9): 77-92.

Zhifang Shao, Zhi Liu, Shuyu Yang, Zhongjing Huang. Open-mindedness: Report on the Study on Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescence (IV)[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(9): 77-92.

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子能力	10岁组			15岁组
子能力	学生自评	家长评定	教师评定	学生自评	家长评定	教师评定
包容度	641.96±109.62	575.40±87.74	2.25±0.80	614.28±91.94	564.03±75.99	2.30±0.68
好奇心	643.88±100.30	605.95±89.87	2.73±0.79	575.99±77.32	587.72±82.32	2.69±0.63
创造性	635.94±111.41	582.70±88.80	2.45±0.82	567.38±87.18	568.42±80.49	2.49±0.66

		10岁组			15岁组
		包容度	好奇心	创造性	包容度	好奇心	创造性
开放能力	包容度	1.00			1.00
	好奇心	0.64	1.00		0.58	1.00
	创造性	0.60	0.62	1.00	0.51	0.62	1.00
任务能力	责任感	0.48	0.63	0.57	0.43	0.55	0.47
	毅力	0.53	0.69	0.59	0.44	0.65	0.53
	自控力	0.49	0.60	0.54	0.35	0.46	0.39
情绪调节	抗压力	0.39	0.45	0.49	0.25	0.37	0.39
	乐观	0.52	0.57	0.58	0.43	0.54	0.47
	情绪控制	0.46	0.56	0.53	0.34	0.48	0.41
协作能力	共情	0.57	0.63	0.60	0.50	0.52	0.52
	信任	0.42	0.45	0.37	0.36	0.45	0.34
	合作	0.58	0.67	0.60	0.51	0.58	0.49
交往能力	乐群	0.54	0.51	0.54	0.45	0.42	0.46
	果敢	0.39	0.41	0.43	0.32	0.33	0.40
	活力	0.50	0.54	0.59	0.41	0.52	0.54

性别	子能力	均数差（Y – O）	Cohen’s d	P
男	包容度	32.98	0.32	<0.01
	好奇心	62.04	0.69	<0.01
	创造性	60.87	0.60	<0.01
女	包容度	22.74	0.23	<0.01
	好奇心	74.34	0.84	<0.01
	创造性	76.53	0.79	<0.01

年龄组	子能力	均数差（F – M）	Cohen’s d	P
10岁组	包容度	7.66	0.07	0.04
	好奇心	2.31	0.02	0.49
	创造性	?6.22	?0.06	0.09
15岁组	包容度	17.90	0.20	<0.01
	好奇心	?9.98	?0.13	<0.01
	创造性	?21.88	?0.25	<0.01

年龄组	子能力	均数差（R – C）	Cohen’s d	P
10岁组	包容度	?25.85	?0.24	<0.01
	好奇心	?19.66	?0.20	<0.01
	创造性	?31.67	?0.29	<0.01
15岁组	包容度	?8.63	?0.09	0.05
	好奇心	?11.07	?0.14	<0.01
	创造性	?21.21	?0.24	<0.01