华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 29-42.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.02.003

• 基本理论与基本问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

什么是好的教育政策执行效果的评估

祁占勇, 杜越   

  1. 陕西师范大学教育学部,西安 710062
  • 出版日期:2022-02-01 发布日期:2022-01-21

What is a Good Evaluation of the Effect of Education Policy

Zhanyong Qi, Yue Du   

  1. School of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062
  • Online:2022-02-01 Published:2022-01-21

摘要:

教育政策执行效果的评估是教育政策活动乃至教育系统有序运行的基本保障。好的教育政策执行效果的评估,不仅是教育政策目标实现的根本途径,也是强化教育政策操作与执行力度的重要措施,而且是“再造教育政策”或“生产新的教育政策”的基本依据。教育政策执行效果的评估是评估主体依据一定的价值标准,运用特定的方式方法,对教育政策执行活动作用于政策目标领域内的社会系统要素的影响变化进行事实描述与价值审判,并反馈于政策循环的活动,具有涉及复杂的利益相关者、目标模糊且广泛、过程不稳定与不确定并存、方法具有局限性、结果具有反馈性等特征。当前我国教育政策执行效果的评估存在着理论研究匮乏滞后、评估视域困守于实证范式、评估方法与技术单一、评估活动要素专业性有待提升、评估结果的反馈利用低效等问题。基于此,好的教育政策执行效果的评估需要从评估标准坚持事实与价值相统一、指标体系兼顾要素多元与联动协调、评估方法与技术切实可行、评估结果分析说理与反馈应用并重等方面重构分析框架,从而使教育政策执行实践中的政策虚置、政策悬置、政策失灵等现象尽量少出现乃至不出现。

关键词: 教育政策执行, 教育政策执行效果, 教育政策执行效果的评估, 利益相关者

Abstract:

The evaluation of the implementation effect of education policy is the basic guarantee for the orderly operation of education policy activities and even the education system. A good evaluation of the implementation effect of education policy is not only the fundamental way to achieve the goals of the education policy, but also an important measure to strengthen the operation and implementation of the education policy. Besides, it is the basis for “reengineering education policy” or “producing new education policy”. The evaluation of the implementation effect of education policy is an activity, where the subject of evaluation, based on certain value standards, uses specific ways and methods to describe the facts and value judgments of the impact of educational policy implementation activities on the social system elements in the policy target area, and feedback in the policy cycle. It involves complicated stakeholders, ambiguous and extensive goals, unstable and uncertain processes, limitations of methods, and feedback of results. The current evaluation of the implementation effect of China’s education policy has problems such as the lack of theoretical research, and the evaluation horizon is stuck in the empirical paradigm. Also, the evaluation method and technology are single; the professionalism of the evaluation activities need to be improved; and the feedback and utilization of the evaluation results are inefficient. Based on this, a good evaluation of the implementation effect of education policy needs to be reconstructed from the following aspects. The evaluation standard adheres to the unity of facts and values; the indicator system takes into account the multiple elements and linkage coordination; the evaluation methods and technologies are practical, and the results of the evaluation emphasize both analysis and feedback application. In this way, the phenomenon of policy vacancy, policy suspension, and policy failure in the implementation of education policy should be minimized or disappear.

Key words: education policy implementation, education policy implementation effect, evaluation of education policy implementation effect, stakeholders