华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1-15.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.06.001

• 特稿 •    

乡村振兴背景下农村教师工资收入决定机制研究

刘善槐, 王爽, 朱秀红   

  1. 东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院，长春 130024
  • 接受日期:2022-03-02 出版日期:2022-06-01 发布日期:2022-05-31
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“乡村振兴和教育现代化背景下农村教育发展战略研究”（VGA210005）

Research on the Decision Mechanism of Rural Teachers’ Salary Income under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

Shanhuai Liu, Shuang Wang, Xiuhong Zhu   

  1. China Institute of Rural Education Development, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
  • Accepted:2022-03-02 Online:2022-06-01 Published:2022-05-31

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摘要：

构建完善的待遇体系对提高农村教师的整体素质、促进农村师资均衡配置和激发农村教师的工作动力与发展活力至关重要。对12省39县（市、旗）的大规模调查数据显示：我国农村教师工资收入区域间差距大，部分地区农村教师工资收入水平低；县域内教师工资收入差距小，未能充分体现学校的艰苦偏远程度；群体间工资收入水平差距显著，未能充分体现教师实际贡献。这种待遇格局与农村教师工资收入的基本构成及决定因素密切相关：“以县为主”的财政保障体制决定工资收入的整体水平，“补偿性工资”的功能设计凸显县域内农村教师的群体差异，而“二次分配”下的绩效工资体现教师的个体差异。为了充分发挥农村教师工资收入的劳动定价、差异补偿和持续激励功能，应优化农村教师工资收入结构，完善经费保障机制，健全督导机制。

关键词: 农村教师, 工资收入, 工资结构, 决定机制

Abstract:

Constructing a complete remuneration system is essential for improving the overall quality of rural teachers, promoting the balanced allocation of rural teachers, and stimulating the motivation and development vitality of rural teachers. A large-scale survey of 39 counties (cities, banners) in 12 provinces shows that there is a large regional gap in rural teacher salary income in my country, and rural teacher salary income levels in some areas are low. The teacher salary income gap in counties is small, which does not fully reflect the difficulties and remoteness of schools; and there is a significant gap in the level of salary among teachers, which does not reflect the actual contribution. This remuneration pattern is closely related to the basic composition and determinants of rural teachers’ salary income. The “county-based” fiscal security system determines the overall level of salary income, and the functional design of “compensatory wages” highlights the group differences between rural teachers in the county, while performance pay under “secondary distribution” reflects the individual differences of teachers. In order to give full play to the labor pricing, differential compensation and continuous incentive functions of rural teachers’ salary income, it's necessary to optimize the structure of rural teachers’ salary income, improve the funding guarantee mechanism and the supervision mechanism.

Key words: rural teachers, salary income, salary structure, decision mechanism