华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 85-102.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.03.007

• 教师队伍建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

高级教师岗位向乡村教师倾斜政策的实施效果、挑战及优化策略

高慧斌   

  1. 中国教育科学研究院,北京 100088
  • 接受日期:2025-11-14 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-02
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金 2021年度教育学一般项目“乡村教师结构性缺员现状及政策支持体系研究”(BHA210127)。

The Implementation Effect, Challenges and Strategies of the Policy of Professional Tilting Senior Towards Rural Teachers

Huibin Gao   

  1. National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing 100088, China
  • Accepted:2025-11-14 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-02

摘要:

2012年我国启动实施高级教师岗位向义务教育阶段乡村教师倾斜政策。经过十余年的努力,乡村高级教师占比偏低的“历史欠账”问题得到有效解决。该政策在促进乡村教师专业成长、提高工资待遇和提升职业吸引力中发挥了不同程度的作用。但随着改革推进,乡村高级教师占比增长过快且存在显著省际差异。出现部分省份城乡倒挂,乡高城低的显著差距。乡村高级教师的素养能力、专业活力与高质量师资需求存在较大差距。在加快建设教育强国中,应以提高教师专业水平为旨归,坚持职称评聘向乡村教师倾斜;以城乡一体化为根本,建立并完善高级教师岗位向乡村教师适度倾斜机制;以吸引优秀人才为核心,实施高级教师岗位向有突出贡献和较高素养潜力的乡村教师倾斜,进而以高质量师资队伍助力乡村教育更好服务教育强国建设。

关键词: 岗位倾斜, 乡村高级教师, 专业水平, 职业吸引力, 贡献率

Abstract:

In 2012, China launched the policy of professional tilting senior towards rural teachers. After more than ten years, the problem of “historical arrears” caused by the low proportion of senior teachers in rural areas has been effectively resolved. This policy has provided varying degrees of contribution to promoting the professional growth of rural teachers, increasing their salary and benefits, enhancing their career attractiveness. But with the advancement of reforms, the proportion of senior teachers in rural areas has grown too fast and there are significant inter-provincial differences. In some provinces, there is an inverted urban-rural ratio, and the obvious gap between high rural and low urban teachers has become apparent. There is a significant gap between the literacy, professional vitality, and high-quality teacher demand of senior rural teachers. In accelerating the construction of a strong education country, the goal should be to improve the professional level of teachers and adhere to professional title evaluation and appointment towards rural teachers. Based on urban-rural integration, establish and improve a moderate tilt mechanism for senior teacher positions towards rural teachers. With attracting outstanding talents as the core, we will implement a tilt policy towards rural teachers with outstanding contributions and high potential for literacy in senior teacher positions. Using the high-quality teaching staff assist rural education in better serving the construction of an education powerhouse.

Key words: positions tilt, senior rural teacher, professional level, occupational attractiveness, contribution rate