关键词: 心理学, 现象学, 学习, 身体, 他者, 经验

Abstract: Learning, teaching, education and Bildung, as the most fundamental phenomenon in the field of school, are complicated practical activities in school education. School is a special place in which independently institutionalized and artificially organized educational practice takes place. There are many different theories and opinions on the goals and tasks of schools. However, it is undeniable that, whatever kind of school missions and purposes, it must be realized via learning, the most fundamental educational phenomenon and practice. On the basis of critical combing of the classical learning theory of psychology, this paper attempts to elaborate a new understanding of "learning" from the perspective of phenomenology, especially body phenomenology. Firstly, learning is a social correlative practice that takes place in a specific context. We always learn from others and in front of others. Secondly, learning has a close relationship with experience. In essence, learning is Umlernen and reorganization of experience and the extension of experience horizon through the negative experience. Thirdly, learning must be based on the body (Leib) under the phenomenological perspective which is both active and passive.

Key words: psychology, phenomenology, learning, body, the other, experience