教育精准扶贫：中国农村学生近视问题研究及防控政策建议

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.03.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 关注农村地区儿童青少年视力健康是国家“教育精准扶贫”和“健康精准扶贫”的双需求，该研究通过对我国农村学生近视问题进行综述分析，为国家青少年近视防控教育精准扶贫工作提供具有研究基础的政策建议。梳理现有的研究发现：约有25%的农村小学生和50%的农村中学生患有近视。更为严重的是超过70%的农村近视学生尚未得到视力矫正，这会对学生学习和成长产生严重的负面影响。通过对解决农村学生近视问题的相关行动研究的整理发现：视力筛查是低成本识别出近视问题的有效途径；为学生提供配镜补贴和对教师提供激励等措施可以显著提高学生戴镜率；矫正近视问题可以有效提高农村学生的学习成绩和改善学生心理健康状况。通过地方政府协调县级教育和医疗资源共同合作的视光中心模式，可以有效弥补农村学生视力保健服务缺失的问题，加强对农村学生视力问题的预防和控制以有效解决农村学生近视问题。

关键词: 教育精准扶贫, 农村学生, 近视, 综述分析

Abstract: Providing vision care to students in rural areas may serve the purpose of poverty alleviation by improving education and health. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of myopia studies among rural students in China and offer policy recommendations for the national myopia prevention and control plan under “Targeted poverty alleviation through education”. The results show that in rural China, 25% of primary school students and 50% of lower secondary school students are myopic. Moreover, more than 70% of rural myopic students suffer from uncorrected vision, which negatively affects student academic performance and mental health. Correcting myopia also has a significant positive impact on student academic achievement. Studies show that vision screening is an effective way to identify myopia among rural students. Providing subsidies for the families of myopic students to obtain eyeglasses, and providing incentives to teachers, can significantly improve the uptake and usage rates of eyeglasses. A county hospital-based vision center may be an effective platform for reducing children's visual impairment in rural China.

Key words: targeted poverty alleviation through education, rural students, myopia, review analysis

赵锦, 王欢, 关宏宇, 史耀疆, 李怡臻, [美]罗思高(Scott Rozelle). 教育精准扶贫：中国农村学生近视问题研究及防控政策建议[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2020, 38(3): 117-125.

Zhao Jin, Wang Huan, Guan Hongyu, Shi Yaojiang, Robin Li, Scott Rozelle. Targeted Poverty Alleviation through Education: A Study of Myopia Among Rural Students in China and Prevention and Control Policy Recommendations[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(3): 117-125.

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