华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 103-116.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.05.006

• 影子教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

校内还是校外:中国基础教育阶段家庭教育支出现状研究

魏易   

  1. 北京大学中国教育财政科学研究所, 北京 100871
  • 发布日期:2020-05-15

In-school or Out-of-school: Household Spending on Children’s Basic Education in China

Wei Yi   

  1. China Institute for Educational Finance Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Published:2020-05-15

摘要: 本文基于2017中国教育财政家庭调查数据,对我国基础教育阶段家庭子女教育支出水平和结构进行刻画,并聚焦于家庭的收入水平和家庭子女教育支出的关系,分析不同社会经济背景、子女结构和户籍的家庭对子女校内和校外各类教育活动的边际消费倾向。总体上,中小学每生每年的家庭教育支出超过1万元,占家庭总支出的16%,其中校外支出占到三分之一。分别有38%和21%的中小学生在过去一学年参加过校外补习和兴趣班。对家庭校内和校外教育支出的边际消费倾向的分析表明,社会经济背景更好的家庭对子女的校内和校外投入都更高。随着家庭收入的增加,社会经济背景较低的家庭更加倾向于增加子女校内的支出,尤其是校内基础性的支出;而社会经济背景较好的家庭更加倾向于增加校外教育支出,以及校内的发展性、增值性支出。与中等和高收入家庭相比,低收入家庭对子女的校内和校外教育投入不足。此外,本文发现独生子女家庭中女孩家庭对孩子的校内拓展性和校外兴趣类的教育投入要高于男孩家庭。

关键词: 基础教育, 家庭教育支出, 校外教育, 边际消费倾向

Abstract: Using national data from 2017 CIEFR-HS, we first examine the full cost of household expenditure on children’s education and the structure of in-school and out-of-school education expenditure. Second, we take advantage of the detailed information about household education expenditures, including those that occurred within and outside schools, to examine how families’ marginal propensity to spend on education-related items and activities varies across household income, mother’s education level, and residency groups. On average, families spend over 10000 yuan on education per student per academic year, covering about 16% of annual household consumption. About one-third of the household spending on education is spent outside school. The analysis of the marginal propensity to spend on education shows that families with higher income, families with better educated mothers, families with only one girl, and families with urban hukou tend to increase their spending on education when the total household consumption increases, especially on in-school developmental spending and private supplementary education. In conclusion, the level and structure of in-school and out-of-school spending for children from different families have become more stratified.

Key words: basic education, household spending on children, supplementary education, marginal propensity to spend