华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 63-76.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.05.007

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教育法典分则：理念、体系、内容

任海涛   

  1. 华东师范大学法学院，上海 200241
  • 接受日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-05-01 发布日期:2022-04-27

The Specific Provisions of Education Code: Concepts, Systems and Content

Haitao Ren   

  1. Law School, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Accepted:2022-02-25 Online:2022-05-01 Published:2022-04-27

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摘要：

从我国教育法基本理念的内涵和历史演进来看，受教育权的保障与实现构成了教育法典分则的基本理念，这可以从正当性和可行性两个方面来证成。基本理念对教育法典分则编纂的统摄效力不仅体现在基本理念的价值和功能，也体现在保障受教育权是教育法典总则的核心宗旨。在方法论方面，分则编纂宜采取“横向教育法律关系+纵向教育法律体系”的“入典”标准，充分利用好“援引”这一立法技术，选择“总分结构”的体例设计，吸收“提取公因式”的立法技术，并确立“先主体后客体”的价值位阶。在此基础上，教育法典分则部分由教育主体编、学校教育编、教育与家庭和社会编、特殊事项编等子部门法构成。其中，教育主体编包括学校法律制度、教师法律制度和学生法律制度；学校教育编包括学前教育制度、义务教育制度、高中教育制度、高等教育制度、职业教育制度、特殊教育制度、学位制度、考试制度；教育与家庭、社会编主要包括家庭教育制度、终身教育制度；特殊事项编主要规定少数民族教育制度、国家通用语言文字制度、中外合作办学制度等。

关键词: 教育法典编纂, 教育法典分则, 受教育权, 总分结构, 教育法律关系

Abstract:

From the perspective of the connotation and historical evolution of the basic concepts of Chinese education law, the protection and realization of the right to be educated constitute the basic concepts of the specific provisions of the education code, which can be proved from the two aspects of justifiability and feasibility. The unifying effect of the basic concept on the compilation of the education code is not only reflected in the value and function of the basic concept, but also in that the protection of the right to be educated is the core purpose of the general provisions of the educational code. In terms of methodology, it is advisable to adopt the “entry into the code” standard of “horizontal educational legal relations + vertical educational legal system” for the compilation of sub-items, making full use of the legislative technique of “citing”, choosing the style design of “total score structure”, absorbing and extracting common factor legislative technology, and establishing the value rank of “subject first and then object”. On this basis, the sub-sections of the education code are composed of sub-departmental laws such as education subject, school education, education and family, social and special matters. The part of educational subject of the specific provisions includes school legal system, teacher legal system and student legal system. In the specific provisions of the education code, the part of school education includes preschool education system, compulsory education system, high school education system, higher education system, vocational education system, special education system, degree system, and examination system. The part of education and family, and the part of the society mainly include family education system and lifelong education system. The special matters part mainly stipulates the education system for ethnic minorities, the national standard spoken and written language system, and the Sino-foreign cooperative education system, etc.

Key words: codification of the education code, specific provisions of the education code, right to education, general-specific structure, educational legal relationship