作为“软实力货币”的国际教育

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

软实力提升的难点在于如何将软实力资源转化为包含文化与价值观吸引力和制度认同力在内的软实力，其关键在于促进软实力货币的产生以及避免其被损耗。美英澳三国借助国际教育获取软实力的案例表明，国际教育活动通过关系网络机制、价值观机制以及制度标准机制分别促进“善”“美”“优”三种“软实力货币”转化为软实力，实现了不同资本间的转化，从而巩固了在国际教育场域的支配地位。但如果这一过程缺乏友善、言行不一或名不副实，使得真实体验与宣传预期不符，软实力就会受到损耗。有鉴于此，我国应将国际教育作为提升“软实力货币”的重要手段，以“人类命运共同体”为价值取向，加强国际教育善美优的内涵提升，建设扎根本土的软实力货币转化路径，使得“软实力货币”的三大产生机制能发挥作用。

关键词: 软实力, 国际教育, 美国, 英国, 澳大利亚, 文化资本, 象征资本

Abstract:

The difficulty of improving soft power lies in how to transform soft power resources into soft power including institutional, cultural and value attraction, the key of which is the generation and maintenance of soft power currency. From the case studies of the United States, Britain and Australia, this study identifies three mechanisms for generating soft power through international education, namely the network mechanism, the value-sharing mechanism and the institutions and standards mechanism, all of which can promote the transformation of the three soft power currencies of benignity, beauty, and brilliance into soft power respectively, drive the transformation of different forms of capitals, and hence reinforce their dominant positions in the field of international education. But if the process lacks benignity, integrity, or is over-branded, which leads to inconsistency between branding content and its reality, soft power will be diminished as a result. In this view, China should take international education as an important strategy to accumulate its soft power currencies, strengthen the quality of benignity, beauty, and brilliance under the concept of “a community of shared future for mankind” while draw upon the rich domestic soft power resources, and then build effective pathways for the functioning of the three mechanisms to gain soft power through international education activities.

Key words: soft power, the United States, Britain, Australia, international education, cultural capital, symbolic capital

张琳. 作为“软实力货币”的国际教育[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2023, 41(9): 122-137.

Lin Zhang. International Education as Soft Power Currencies[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2023, 41(9): 122-137.

图/表 2

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软实力货币	关系维度	满足人类需求	产生软实力的心理机制
善	主体与客体的关系	互惠性的利他主义	引起感激与同情
美	主体与理想、价值观、事业或愿景的关系	与有相似价值观/目标的人联合，需要精神支持	激发灵感
优	主体与工作的关系	学习他人的成功	产生钦佩与模仿

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