论教育目的的公平转型

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2017.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 公平和教育公平都是历史的概念。关于教育公平的学术探讨可以从多个学科维度在不同层面上展开。在教育公平问题上,人的自由发展具有优先性的原则是实现教育公平的基本前提。教育质量的难以测量决定了我们很难真正在质量意义上来谈教育公平,择校或均衡化也不能真正保障教育公平,人在教育中的自由选择才是教育公平的关键。现实社会中的人和教育的关系发生了异化,人在教育中被工具化即是教育异化的重要表现之一,也是妨害教育公平的根本原因。克服教育异化的基本途径就是将人本身当作教育目的,这是人的教育本质的要求,也是社会主义和共产主义的内在要求。社会主义的教育目的应当且必须将人的自由发展作为其核心内涵。

关键词: 教育目的, 教育公平, 人的发展, 教育学

Abstract: Equity and educational equity are historical concepts, with different connotations in the historical contexts. Educational equity, closely related to social equity, is an educational and public policy issue. Educational equity can be explored from the perspectives of politics, sociology, ethics and pedagogy. Studies can also be conducted at the level of implementation, social structure and core values. Freedom being priority among equity principles, human's free development has its priority over educational equity. On the one hand, educational quality is hard to measure; on the other hand, educational equity is hardly guaranteed by school-choice and equalization, where the key is human's freedom to choose in education."Freedom" here refers to its authenticity but not unconditional indulgence. If we draw a John Rowel's"Veil of Ignorance" for all school-choosing people, and no one knows how his/her choice influences future development. Then, educational choice reflects the authenticity of freedom and everyone can choose from their interests and expectation for their future development. However, there is an alienated relationship between human being and their education in modern society. Human being is considered as a tool. Educational purpose has changed from human's development to upward social mobility,which has deprived humans of their freedom in education choice. This is the fundamental cause to impair educational equity. The solution to educational alienation is to make human as educational purpose, which is essential in socialist and communist education. Freedom is a fundamental principle for educational equity.#br#Educational equity won't happen if one's freedom is limited by a state's compulsory power. Human's free development is a fundamental principle. Educational equity recognizes natural equality and that free development for all is educational purpose. The inclusive and diversified education helps all develop their interest and potential. Performance of education shouldn't be evaluated by upward social mobility. Communist society is expected to diminish human's self-alienation and in socialist society, educational purpose should be human's free development as its key connotation.

Key words: educational purpose, educational equity, human's development, pedagogy

项贤明. 论教育目的的公平转型[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2017, 35(2): 24-32+116.

XIANG Xianming. Equity Transition of Educational Purpose[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2017, 35(2): 24-32+116.

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