华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 107-117.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.009

• 中国经验 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国儿童早期发展工作现状分析及策略建议

崔宇杰1, 张云婷2, 赵瑾2, 张子琛2, 王雪莱2, 黄小娜3, 李国红1, 江帆2   

  1. 1. 上海交通大学医学院中国医院发展研究院, 上海 200025;
    2. 上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心儿童健康管理研究所, 上海 200127;
    3. 联合国儿童基金会驻华办公室, 北京 100600
  • 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-05-21
  • 基金资助:
    联合国儿基会卫生与营养项目（005-MCH-MIS）；上海市科学技术委员会项目（18695840200）。

Current Situation Analysis and Strategy Suggestions for Early Child Development in China

Cui Yujie1, Zhang Yunting2, Zhao Jin2, Zhang Zichen2, Wang Xuelai2, Huang Xiaona3, Li Guohong1, Jiang Fan2   

  1. 1. School of Medicine & China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;
    2. Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China;
    3. UNICEF China Office, Beijing 100600, China
  • Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-05-21

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摘要： 随着经济和社会的发展，我国儿童步入从求生存到谋发展的新转型时期。儿童早期发展的内涵和外延在国际和国内都已形成共识，应在借鉴国外的儿童早期发展典型工作经验的基础上，立足我国的现实国情，分析儿童早期发展工作现状。中国儿童早期发展工作从政策法规、项目实施和体系构建等方面着手，取得了突出的阶段性成绩，高风险儿童数量快速下降，健康指标东西部差别不断减小。然而，城乡儿童发展不平衡的问题依然存在，特别是在贫困地区问题仍然严峻。我国儿童早期发展工作与国际发达地区相比依然不完善，特别是家庭养育环节的工作亟待改善。建议下一步应明确工作定位，构建工作体系，从部门协调、筹资机制、人员激励、信息化建设等方面有重点地开展工作。

关键词: 儿童早期发展, 健康, 养育, 工作体系

Abstract: Children in China at present are beginning a new stage, from survival to development, driven by the economic growth and social development. As there is a common understanding of the concept of early child development (ECD), we analyzed the current situation of ECD in China based on the national conditions and international experiences. Great progress in several fields of ECD has been made, including policy support, service system and projects. The number of high-risk children has fallen sharply and gaps in health indicators have been bridged between western and eastern China in the past few years. However, imbalance of development between urban and rural children still exists, especially in poor areas. Compared to the developed countries, there are several gaps of ECD in China, like family nurturing. It's suggested that, in the future, working orientation of ECD should be clarified and the service system, including coordination, financing, incentives and information construction, should be improved in order to promote ECD in China.

Key words: early child development, health, nurturing, service system