接受高等教育对健康的影响效应研究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2024.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长期以来，学术界对高等教育回报的探讨更多地围绕物质回报，对于高等教育的非物质回报关注不足。本文基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，分析接受高等教育产生的健康效应，并在此基础上探究接受大专教育与本科及以上阶段教育产生的健康回报异质性。研究发现，接受高等教育对提升自身自评健康及认知水平和降低超重状况及抑郁水平均有显著影响；不论接受大专教育还是接受本科及以上阶段教育，均能够获得正向健康回报；与接受大专教育相比，接受本科及以上阶段的高等教育对提升自身认知水平具有更大的积极作用。

关键词: 高等教育, 健康, 高等教育回报, 非物质回报

Abstract:

For a long time, while academic inquiries on the returns of higher education have focused on the monetary return, insufficient attention has been paid to the non-monetary returns of health. Based on the survey data of China Family Panel Studies 2018, this article analyzes the effects of higher education on health, and explores the heterogeneity of health returns between sub-baccalaureate education and undergraduate education and above. It finds that receiving higher education has positive and critical impacts on self-rated health, cognition, reducing overweight, and mental health. Individuals can acquire positive health returns whether they receive sub-baccalaureate education or undergraduate education and above. Compared with sub-baccalaureate education, receiving higher education at the undergraduate level and above has greater positive effects on cognition enhancement.

Key words: higher education, health, returns of higher education, non-monetary returns

刘凌宇, 黄依梵, 蒋凯. 接受高等教育对健康的影响效应研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2024, 42(7): 66-76.

Lingyu Liu, Yifan Huang, Kai Jiang. Research on the Effects of Receiving Higher Education on Health[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2024, 42(7): 66-76.

图/表 6

表 1

表 2

表 3

表 4

表 5

表 6

参考文献 0

	陈强. (2017). 高级计量经济学及STATA应用(第二版). 北京: 高等教育出版社.
	程令国, 张晔, 沈可. 教育如何影响了人们的健康?——来自中国老年人的证据经济学(季刊) 2015 14 01 305 330 程令国, 张晔, 沈可. (2015). 教育如何影响了人们的健康?—来自中国老年人的证据. 经济学(季刊),14(01),305—330.
	丁小浩. 我国专科与本科毕业生在劳动力市场上的相对位置和比较优势分析北京大学教育评论 2004 02 43 49 丁小浩. (2004). 我国专科与本科毕业生在劳动力市场上的相对位置和比较优势分析. 北京大学教育评论,(02),43—49.
	郭四维, 张明昂, 曹静. 教育真的可以影响健康吗?——来自中国1986年义务教育法实施的证据经济学报 2019 6 03 148 187 郭四维, 张明昂, 曹静. (2019). 教育真的可以影响健康吗?—来自中国1986年义务教育法实施的证据. 经济学报,6(03),148—187.
	胡安宁. 教育能否让我们更健康——基于2010年中国综合社会调查的城乡比较分析中国社会科学 2014 05 116 130+206 胡安宁. (2014). 教育能否让我们更健康—基于2010年中国综合社会调查的城乡比较分析. 中国社会科学,(05),116—130+206.
	黄国英, 谢宇. 认知能力与非认知能力对青年劳动收入回报的影响中国青年研究 2017 02 56 64+97 黄国英, 谢宇. (2017). 认知能力与非认知能力对青年劳动收入回报的影响. 中国青年研究,(02),56—64+97.
	李军, 刘生龙. 教育对健康的影响——基于中国1986年义务教育法的实证分析数量经济技术经济研究 2019 36 06 117 134 李军, 刘生龙. (2019). 教育对健康的影响—基于中国1986年义务教育法的实证分析. 数量经济技术经济研究,36(06),117—134.
	李珍珍, 封进. 教育对健康的影响——基于上海家庭调查数据的研究中国劳动经济学 2006 3 04 30 42 李珍珍, 封进. (2006). 教育对健康的影响—基于上海家庭调查数据的研究. 中国劳动经济学,3(04),30—42.
	温兴祥, 张栋浩. 教育能延缓认知老化吗?——来自“教育革命”的证据世界经济文汇 2016 01 1 20 温兴祥, 张栋浩. (2016). 教育能延缓认知老化吗?—来自“教育革命”的证据. 世界经济文汇,(01),1—20.
	杨素红, 杨钋. 应届本专科毕业生起薪的院校差异研究——基于分层线性模型的分析复旦教育论坛 2014 12 02 67 75+98 杨素红, 杨钋. (2014). 应届本专科毕业生起薪的院校差异研究—基于分层线性模型的分析. 复旦教育论坛,12(02),67—75+98.
	赵红军, 胡玉梅. 教育程度一定会提高健康水平吗?——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析世界经济文汇 2016 06 90 106 赵红军, 胡玉梅. (2016). 教育程度一定会提高健康水平吗?—基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析. 世界经济文汇,(06),90—106.
	赵忠. 我国农村人口的健康状况及影响因素管理世界 2006 03 78 85 赵忠. (2006). 我国农村人口的健康状况及影响因素. 管理世界,(03),78—85.
	中国肥胖问题工作组数据汇总分析协作组. 我国成人体重指数和腰围对相关疾病危险因素异常的预测价值: 适宜体重指数和腰围切点的研究中华流行病学杂志 2002 23 01 10 15 中国肥胖问题工作组数据汇总分析协作组. (2002). 我国成人体重指数和腰围对相关疾病危险因素异常的预测价值: 适宜体重指数和腰围切点的研究. 中华流行病学杂志,23(01),10—15.
	Albouy, V., & Lequien, L. Does compulsory education lower mortality? Journal of health economics 2009 28 1 155 168 Albouy, V., & Lequien, L. (2009). Does compulsory education lower mortality?. Journal of health economics, 28(1), 155—168. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.09.003
	Becker G S. Health as human capital: Synthesis and extensions Oxford economic papers 2007 59 3 379 410 Becker G S. (2007). Health as human capital: Synthesis and extensions. Oxford economic papers, 59(3), 379—410. doi: 10.1093/oep/gpm020
	Buckles, K., Hagemann, A., Malamud, O., Morrill, M., & Wozniak, A. The effect of college education on mortality Journal of Health Economics 2016 50 99 114 Buckles, K., Hagemann, A., Malamud, O., Morrill, M., & Wozniak, A. (2016). The effect of college education on mortality. Journal of Health Economics, 50, 99—114. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.08.002
	Cipollone, P., & Rosolia, A. Schooling and youth mortality: learning from a mass military exemption Bank of Italy Temi di Discussione (Working Paper) 2011 No 811 Cipollone, P., & Rosolia, A. (2011). Schooling and youth mortality: learning from a mass military exemption. Bank of Italy Temi di Discussione (Working Paper), No, 811.
	Clark, D., & Royer, H. The effect of education on adult mortality and health: Evidence from Britain American Economic Review 2013 103 6 2087 2120 Clark, D., & Royer, H. (2013). The effect of education on adult mortality and health: Evidence from Britain. American Economic Review, 103(6), 2087—2120. doi: 10.1257/aer.103.6.2087
	Fletcher, J. M. New evidence of the effects of education on health in the US: Compulsory schooling laws revisited Social science & medicine 2015 127 101 107 Fletcher, J. M. (2015). New evidence of the effects of education on health in the US: Compulsory schooling laws revisited. Social science & medicine, 127, 101—107.
	Fu, H., Ge, R., Huang, J., & Shi, X. The effect of education on health and health behaviors: Evidence from the college enrollment expansion in China China Economic Review 2022 72 101768 Fu, H., Ge, R., Huang, J., & Shi, X. (2022). The effect of education on health and health behaviors: Evidence from the college enrollment expansion in China. China Economic Review, 72, 101768. doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2022.101768
	Glymour, M. M., & Manly, J. J. Lifecourse social conditions and racial and ethnic patterns of cognitive aging Neuropsychology review 2008 18 223 254 Glymour, M. M., & Manly, J. J. (2008). Lifecourse social conditions and racial and ethnic patterns of cognitive aging. Neuropsychology review, 18, 223—254. doi: 10.1007/s11065-008-9064-z
	Grossman, M. (2000). The human capital model. In Handbook of health economics (Vol. 1, pp. 347−408). Elsevier.
	Grossman, M. The demand for health, 30 years later: a very personal retrospective and prospective reflection Journal of health economics 2004 23 4 629 636 Grossman, M. (2004). The demand for health, 30 years later: a very personal retrospective and prospective reflection. Journal of health economics, 23(4), 629—636. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.04.001
	Herd, P., Goesling, B., & House, J. S. Socioeconomic position and health: the differential effects of education versus income on the onset versus progression of health problems Journal of health and social behavior 2007 48 3 223 238 Herd, P., Goesling, B., & House, J. S. (2007). Socioeconomic position and health: the differential effects of education versus income on the onset versus progression of health problems. Journal of health and social behavior, 48(3), 223—238. doi: 10.1177/002214650704800302
	Hu, A. The health benefits of college education in urban China: Selection bias and heterogeneity Social indicators research 2014 115 3 1101 1121 Hu, A. (2014). The health benefits of college education in urban China: Selection bias and heterogeneity. Social indicators research, 115(3), 1101—1121. doi: 10.1007/s11205-013-0266-2
	Huang, W., & Zhou, Y. Effects of education on cognition at older ages: Evidence from China's Great Famine Social Science & Medicine 2013 98 54 62 Huang, W., & Zhou, Y. (2013). Effects of education on cognition at older ages: Evidence from China's Great Famine. Social Science & Medicine, 98, 54—62.
	Hunt-McCool, J., & Bishop, D. M. Health economics and the economics of education: Specialization and division of labor Economics of Education Review 1998 17 3 237 244 Hunt-McCool, J., & Bishop, D. M. (1998). Health economics and the economics of education: Specialization and division of labor. Economics of Education Review, 17(3), 237—244. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7757(97)00045-9
	Jürges, H., Reinhold, S., & Salm, M. Does schooling affect health behavior? Evidence from the educational expansion in Western Germany Economics of Education Review 2011 30 5 862 872 Jürges, H., Reinhold, S., & Salm, M. (2011). Does schooling affect health behavior? Evidence from the educational expansion in Western Germany. Economics of Education Review, 30(5), 862—872. doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.04.002
	Lleras-Muney, A. The relationship between education and adult mortality in the United States The Review of Economic Studies 2005 72 1 189 221 Lleras-Muney, A. (2005). The relationship between education and adult mortality in the United States. The Review of Economic Studies, 72(1), 189—221. doi: 10.1111/0034-6527.00329
	Lundborg, P. The health returns to schooling—what can we learn from twins? Journal of population economics 2013 26 673 701 Lundborg, P. (2013). The health returns to schooling—what can we learn from twins?. Journal of population economics, 26, 673—701. doi: 10.1007/s00148-012-0429-5
	Malamud, O., Mitrut, A., & Pop-Eleches, C. The effect of education on mortality and health: evidence from a schooling expansion in Romania Journal of Human Resources 2023 58 02 561 592 Malamud, O., Mitrut, A., & Pop-Eleches, C. (2023). The effect of education on mortality and health: evidence from a schooling expansion in Romania. Journal of Human Resources, 58(02), 561—592. doi: 10.3368/jhr.58.4.1118-9863R2
	Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. Education and self-rated health: Cumulative advantage and its rising importance Research on aging 2008 30 1 93 122 Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2008). Education and self-rated health: Cumulative advantage and its rising importance. Research on aging, 30(1), 93—122. doi: 10.1177/0164027507309649
	Montez, J. K., Hummer, R. A., & Hayward, M. D. Educational attainment and adult mortality in the United States: A systematic analysis of functional form Demography 2012 49 1 315 336 Montez, J. K., Hummer, R. A., & Hayward, M. D. (2012). Educational attainment and adult mortality in the United States: A systematic analysis of functional form. Demography, 49(1), 315—336. doi: 10.1007/s13524-011-0082-8
	Rogers, L. Q., Fogleman, A., Trammell, R., Hopkins-Price, P., Vicari, S., Rao, K., . . & Hoelzer, K. Effects of a physical activity behavior change intervention on inflammation and related health outcomes in breast cancer survivors: pilot randomized trial Integrative cancer therapies 2013 12 4 323 335 Rogers, L. Q., Fogleman, A., Trammell, R., Hopkins-Price, P., Vicari, S., Rao, K., . & Hoelzer, K. (2013). Effects of a physical activity behavior change intervention on inflammation and related health outcomes in breast cancer survivors: pilot randomized trial. Integrative cancer therapies, 12(4), 323—335. doi: 10.1177/1534735412449687
	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects Biometrika 1983 70 1 41 55 Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41—55. doi: 10.1093/biomet/70.1.41
	Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. Refining the association between education and health: the effects of quantity, credential, and selectivity Demography 1999 36 445 460 Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (1999). Refining the association between education and health: the effects of quantity, credential, and selectivity. Demography, 36, 445—460. doi: 10.2307/2648083
	Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. Gender and the health benefits of education The Sociological Quarterly 2010 51 1 1 19 Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (2010). Gender and the health benefits of education. The Sociological Quarterly, 51(1), 1—19. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2009.01164.x
	Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. The interaction of personal and parental education on health Social science & medicine 2011 72 4 591 599 Ross, C. E., & Mirowsky, J. (2011). The interaction of personal and parental education on health. Social science & medicine, 72(4), 591—599.
	Sironi, M. Education and mental health in Europe: School attainment as a means to fight depression International Journal of Mental Health 2012 41 3 79 105 Sironi, M. (2012). Education and mental health in Europe: School attainment as a means to fight depression. International Journal of Mental Health, 41(3), 79—105. doi: 10.2753/IMH0020-7411410306
	Xie, Y., & Hu, J. An introduction to the China family panel studies (CFPS) Chinese sociological review 2014 47 1 3 29 Xie, Y., & Hu, J. (2014). An introduction to the China family panel studies (CFPS). Chinese sociological review, 47(1), 3—29.

变量名		变量解释
因变量	自评健康	分类变量（1=健康；0=不健康）
	超重状况	分类变量（BMI=体重kg /身高的平方m²；0=BMI≤23.9，未超重；1=BMI>24，出现超重）
	抑郁水平	连续变量
	认知水平	标准化连续变量，包括字词测试和数学测试
自变量	个人是否接受高等教育	分类变量（1=接受高等教育；0=未接受高等教育）
控制变量	性别	分类变量（1=男性；0=女性）
	当前居住地	分类变量（1=居住在农村；0=居住在城镇）
	12岁时户口类型	分类变量（1=农业户口；0=非农业户口）
	年龄	连续变量
	民族	分类变量（1=少数民族；0=汉族；）
	出生体重	连续变量
	是否有伴侣	分类变量（1=有伴侣；0=无伴侣）
	兄弟姐妹数	连续变量
	兄弟姐妹中男孩比例	连续变量
	父亲受教育程度	分类变量（1=文盲或半文盲；2=小学；3=初中；4=高中/中专/技校/职高及以上）
	12岁时户口所在地	分类变量
	当前居住省份	分类变量

变量名称	自评健康	超重状况	认知水平	抑郁水平
接受高等教育	1.340***	0.861*	0.746***	?0.414***
	(0.137)	(0.066)	(0.028)	(0.122)
男性	1.154	2.884***	?0.003	?0.343*
	(0.166)	(0.326)	(0.044)	(0.175)
当前居住在农村	0.971	0.922	?0.287***	0.102
	(0.078)	(0.061)	(0.027)	(0.110)
少数民族	1.368**	0.924	?0.548***	?0.284
	(0.196)	(0.109)	(0.054)	(0.195)
有伴侣	1.075	1.404***	0.055	?1.017***
	(0.122)	(0.124)	(0.037)	(0.158)
年龄	0.948***	1.023***	?0.016***	0.024***
	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.009)
出生体重	1.136***	1.164***	0.046***	?0.168
	(0.039)	(0.032)	(0.012)	(0.140)
兄弟姐妹数	1.038	0.875***	0.036***	?0.007
	(0.038)	(0.027)	(0.013)	(0.050)
兄弟姐妹中男孩比例	1.073	0.663***	0.087	?0.302
	(0.193)	(0.095)	(0.058)	(0.234)
父亲受教育程度
小学	1.151	1.072	0.261***	?0.168
	(0.109)	(0.087)	(0.035)	(0.140)
初中	1.241**	0.986	0.363***	?0.192
	(0.129)	(0.084)	(0.036)	(0.146)
高中及以上	0.935	1.059	0.390***	?0.165
	(0.110)	(0.104)	(0.039)	(0.158)
当前居住省份	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	16.990***	0.085***	0.011	14.184***
	(9.449)	(0.034)	(0.218)	(0.646)
样本量	5420	5420	3902	5380

变量	匹配方法	控制组/处理组	ATT	标准误	T值
自评健康	K近邻匹配	4102/1486	0.036	0.016	2.21**
	半径匹配	4102/1486	0.040	0.015	2.65***
	核匹配	4102/1486	0.040	0.015	2.66***
超重状况	K近邻匹配	4102/1486	?0.081	0.022	?3.8***
	半径匹配	4102/1486	?0.080	0.019	?4.11***
	核匹配	4102/1486	?0.080	0.020	?4.12***
认知水平	K近邻匹配	2828/866	0.776	0.037	21.05***
	半径匹配	2828/866	0.763	0.035	21.76***
	核匹配	2828/866	0.763	0.035	21.73***
抑郁水平	K近邻匹配	3962/1454	?0.445	0.158	?2.82***
	半径匹配	3962/1454	?0.460	0.146	?3.15***
	核匹配	3962/1454	?0.462	0.146	?3.15***

变量	匹配方法	控制组/处理组	ATT	标准误	T值
自评健康	半径匹配	4142/730	0.036	0.016	2.25**
	核匹配	4142/730	0.036	0.016	2.19**
	马氏匹配	4142/730	0.047	0.019	2.51**
超重状况	半径匹配	4142/730	?0.077	0.021	?3.61***
	核匹配	4142/730	?0.078	0.215	?3.61***
	马氏匹配	4142/730	?0.084	0.024	?3.52***
认知水平	半径匹配	3021/454	0.608	0.036	16.88***
	核匹配	3021/454	0.604	0.036	16.72***
	马氏匹配	3021/454	0.574	0.357	16.08***
抑郁水平	半径匹配	4003/710	?0.358	0.156	?2.29**
	核匹配	4003/710	?0.355	0.156	?2.28**
	马氏匹配	4003/710	?0.309	0.190	?1.63

变量	匹配方法	控制组/处理组	ATT	标准差	T值
自评健康	K近邻匹配	3281/624	0.090	0.031	2.87***
	半径匹配	3281/624	0.065	0.022	2.93***
	核匹配	3281/624	0.064	0.022	2.88***
超重状况	K近邻匹配	3281/624	?0.079	0.039	?2.02**
	半径匹配	3281/624	?0.070	0.029	?2.43**
	核匹配	3281/624	?0.070	0.029	?2.41**
认知水平	K近邻匹配	3222/617	0.920	0.062	14.81***
	半径匹配	3222/617	0.933	0.048	19.38***
	核匹配	3222/617	0.929	0.048	19.28***
抑郁水平	K近邻匹配	2495/361	?0.646	0.297	?2.18**
	半径匹配	2495/361	?0.634	0.212	?3.00***
	核匹配	2495/361	?0.642	0.212	?3.03***