中国农村贫困地区照养人抑郁风险现状及其对养育行为的影响

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2019.03.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

抑郁风险是儿童照养人常见的心理障碍，可能对其养育行为产生负面影响，不利于儿童的健康发展。该研究以我国西部农村贫困地区1798名6-24月龄儿童的照养人为研究对象，使用《抑郁-焦虑-压力量表》（DASS-21）及自制家庭量表，分析照养人抑郁风险现状及其对养育行为的影响。结果表明：（1）我国农村贫困地区照养人整体抑郁风险比例为22.90%，高于5.2%至16.2%的一般人群中抑郁风险发生率；祖母作为最主要照养人时抑郁比例比母亲作为第一照养人时高出10.11%；（2）照养人的受教育程度、家庭资产水平与其是否存在抑郁风险显著负相关，照养人年龄与其是否存在抑郁风险显著正相关；男童、大月龄及存在语言发展滞后风险的儿童，其照养人抑郁风险比例显著更高；（3）照养人抑郁风险会使其积极养育行为显著减少，使其消极养育行为显著增加。因此，相关部门及社会各界应重视我国农村学龄前儿童照养人的心理健康状况，为儿童发展创造一个良好的环境。

关键词: 照养人, 抑郁风险, 养育行为, 西部农村贫困, 儿童发展

Abstract:

Depression is a common psychological disorder among caregivers of young children, which can adversely affect their parenting behavior and disrupt healthy early child development. In order to assess the prevalence of caregiver depression and analyze its effects on parenting behavior, we conducted a large-scale survey with 1,798 caregivers with children aged 6-24 months in China's Qinba Mountain region. Participants were asked to complete both the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) as well as household surveys describing their socioeconomic backgrounds and caregiving behaviors. We had three main findings. First, the overall depression rate of caregivers is 22.90%, with depression among grandmothers as the principal caregivers 10.11% higher than that of mothers as principal caregivers. Second, the education level and family assets of caregivers were significantly negatively correlated with depression, and the age of caregivers was significantly positively correlated with depression. Children who were male, older, or had lagging language development were also significantly more likely to have caregivers who had depression. Third, caregiver depression significantly reduced positive parenting behaviors and increased negative parenting behaviors. Our results confirm the high prevalence of caregiver depression and its effects on caregiver behaviors, which may have significant consequences on early child development in China. Thus, policies and strategies comprehensively addressing the varied socioeconomic risk factors for caregiver depression, especially age and education, are needed.

Key words: caregiver Depression, parenting behavior, poor rural China, children development

杨洁, 蒋琪, 岳爱, 汤蕾, 聂景春. 中国农村贫困地区照养人抑郁风险现状及其对养育行为的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2019, 37(3): 97-106.

Yang Jie Jiang Qi Yue Ai Tang Lei Nie Jingchun. Effects of Caregiver Depression on Parenting Behaviors in Poor Rural China[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educationa, 2019, 37(3): 97-106.

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