华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 13-21.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.08.002

• 大学生学情 • 上一篇    下一篇

存异或趋同:学科分类视角下大学生学情过程性特征

康敏   

  1. 福建师范大学教育学院,福州 350007
  • 接受日期:2023-02-26 出版日期:2023-08-01 发布日期:2023-07-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目“构建服务全民终身学习的教育体系研究”(20ZDA070)

Divergence or Convergence: The Process Characteristics of College Students’ Learning from the Perspective of Discipline Classification

Min Kang   

  1. College of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
  • Accepted:2023-02-26 Online:2023-08-01 Published:2023-07-25

摘要:

学科分类视角下大学生学情的过程性特征,反映了不同学科类型人才培养过程支撑的差异性和不同学科类型人才分类发展需求,研究该课题有助于深化新时代教育评价改革和推动多元评价体系设计。基于“国家大学生学情调查研究数据库”,探讨我国不同学科类型大学生的学术性活动体验和社会化活动体验情况。研究发现大学生学术性活动体验和社会化活动体验呈正向相关,以高学术性活动体验和高社会化活动体验、低学术性活动体验和低社会化活动体验两种类型为主,理学类大学生的“双低”类型所占比例最大,社会科学类大学生的高学术性活动体验和低社会化活动体验、低学术性活动体验和高社会化活动体验类型所占比例较大。研究结果表明,“工科教育理科化”的趋同育人模式已被打破,但理工科“实践教育狭隘化”现象依然存在,社会科学类大学生学术性活动体验和社会化活动体验类型出现“两极分化”,基础学科的科学教育与人文教育“割裂化”。据此,提出结合学科类型特点形成特色育人的路径。

关键词: 大学生学习, 学术性活动体验, 社会化活动体验, 过程性评价, 分类特征

Abstract:

The process characteristics of college students’ learning from the perspective of discipline classification reflect the differences supported by the training process and needs of students, which is helpful to deepen the educational evaluation reform and promote the design of multiple evaluation system in the new era. Based on the National College Student Survey, the study shows that students’ academic and social experiences are positively related, with high academic experiences and high social experiences, low academic experiences and low social experiences being the two main types. The proportion of low academic experiences and low social experiences for science students is the largest, and the proportion of high academic experiences and low social experiences, low academic experiences and high social experiences for social science students is relatively large. The results show that the convergent education mode of science and engineering education has been broken, but the parochialization phenomenon of practice education still exists in science and engineering, while polarization appears in academic experiences and social experiences type of social science college students, and the science education and humanities education of basic discipline are split. It is recommended to form a characteristic education path based on discipline types.

Key words: learning of college student, academic experiences, social experiences, process evaluation, characteristics of classification