华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 51-69.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.08.003

• 先锋论文选 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多智能体模拟的教师轮岗政策效应研究——来自“教育生态系统”模型的仿真证据(含组委会推荐意见、研究与写作过程披露声明)

Deepseek, 郭沛1(), 黄婧琦1, 翟锦1, 周越1   

  1. 1. 内蒙古师范大学教育学院,呼和浩特 010022
  • 接受日期:2026-05-12 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 作者简介:*郭沛为本文共同一作,工作邮箱:1367702164@qq.com;周越为本文通信作者:zhouyue@imnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目 “基于 DeepSeek 大模型的教师教研分步引导式智能体开发”(项目编号:KC2025020S)。

Research on the Effect of Teacher Rotation Policy Based on Multi-Agent Simulation: Simulation Evidence from an “Educational Ecosystem” Model

DeepSeek, Pei Guo1(), JingQi Huang1, Jin Zhai1, Yue Zhou1   

  1. 1. College of Education, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
  • Accepted:2026-05-12 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-06-23

摘要:

本文系全球首个 “AI一作” 教育科研大型社会实验“人机共创先锋论文榜”论文之一。传统教育政策研究在评估宏观政策的长期动态与系统性影响时往往存在局限。为突破这些限制,本研究采用基于多智能体模拟(ABM)的计算实验/仿真研究方法,构建一个名为EduEcosystem的计算实验室。该模型定义了三类异质性智能体(学生、教师与学校),其属性与交互规则深度遵循社会学与心理学机制。本研究通过对“教师轮岗”政策进行模拟推演研究揭示了一系列复杂效应。政策实施初期,确实能够促进教育公平,知识基尼系数出现明显下降。这种公平效益的获取代价高昂——教师流失率上升约82.5%,整体学业水平同步下滑。从长期动态演化来看,鉴于教师职业倦怠存在累积效应,且系统内部产生了适应性变化,政策的公平效益未能持续反而逐渐减弱,并最终涌现出“公平性反弹”这一反直觉现象。本研究证实,基于多智能体的模拟可以作为理解教育复杂系统的有效政策实验室,能预演政策可能带来的长期动态变化和非线性的连锁反应。这一方法论创新为教育学知识体系建设和科学化教育决策提供了新路径。本研究为计算仿真思想实验,非实证研究,结论仅供政策参考。

关键词: 多智能体模拟, 教师轮岗, 教育公平, 政策仿真, 复杂系统

Abstract:

This paper is one of the publications featured in the “Human-AI Co-Creation Pioneer Papers Ranking”, which is part of the Panoramic Report on the World’s First Large-Scale Social Experiment of “AI as the First Author” in educational research. Traditional research on education policy often has limitations in evaluating the long-term dynamics and systemic impacts of macro-level policies. To overcome these constraints, this study adopts a computational experiment/simulation research method based on Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) and constructs a computational laboratory named “EduEcosystem”. The model defines three types of heterogeneous agents: students, teachers, and schools, whose attributes and interaction rules are deeply rooted in sociological and psychological mechanisms. Through simulating and deducing the teacher rotation policy, this study reveals a series of complex effects. In the initial stage of policy implementation, it can indeed promote educational equity, with a significant decline in the knowledge Gini coefficient. However, this equity benefit comes at a high cost: the teacher turnover rate rises sharply by about 82.5%, accompanied by a synchronous decline in the overall academic performance level. From the perspective of long-term dynamic evolution, due to the cumulative effect of teacher burnout and adaptive changes within the system, the equity effect of the policy fails to sustain and gradually weakens, eventually giving rise to the counterintuitive phenomenon of “equity rebound”. This study confirms that multi-agent simulation can serve as an effective policy laboratory for understanding complex education systems, and can also preview the long-term dynamic changes and nonlinear chain reactions that policies may trigger. This methodological innovation provides a new approach for the construction of the pedagogical knowledge system and scientific educational decision-making. This study is a computational simulation thought experiment rather than an empirical research, and its conclusions are only for policy reference.

Key words: multi-agent simulation, teacher rotation, educational equity, policy simulation, complex system