华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 60-73.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.01.005

• 基础教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国基础教育生均经费支出的公平性研究——基于Gini系数和Theil指数的测算

耿乐乐   

  1. 清华大学教育研究院,北京 100084
  • 出版日期:2022-01-01 发布日期:2021-12-21

A Study on the Inequality of Basic Education Expenditure per Student in China: Based on the Gini Coefficient and Theil Index

Lele Geng   

  1. Institute of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Online:2022-01-01 Published:2021-12-21

摘要:

基础教育生均经费支出的公平性影响着教育过程公平和教育结果公平。文章基于1995—2018年基础教育生均经费支出数据和在校生数据,通过计算Gini系数和Theil指数测算了中国基础教育生均经费支出公平性的变化规律。研究发现,1995—2018年中国基础教育生均经费支出公平性总体上处于“比较公平”和“相对合理”水平,且整体上更加公平了;基础教育生均经费支出的省际差异大于区域差异;东部地区基础教育生均经费支出省际差异较大,公平程度较低;全国高中生均经费支出的公平性有降低的趋势。基于以上研究发现,文章提出了相关政策建议。

关键词: 基础教育, 生均经费, 教育公平, Gini系数, Theil指数

Abstract:

The equity of expenditure per student on basic education affects the equity of educational process and outcome. Based on the data of expenditure per student on basic education and the data of current students from 1995 to 2018, this paper estimates the equity degree of expenditure per student on basic education in China by calculating the Gini coefficient and Theil index. It is found that the equity of expenditure per student on basic education is generally at a “relatively fair” and “relatively reasonable” level and became more equitable from 1995 to 2018. The inter-provincial difference of basic education expenditure per student is greater than the regional difference. The expenditure of basic education per student in eastern China varies greatly among provinces, and the degree of equity is low. The fairness of the average expenditure of senior high school students tends to decrease. According to the research findings, relevant policy recommendations are put forward.

Key words: basic education, education expenditure per student, education equity, Gini coefficient, Theil index