华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 64-77.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.07.007

• 学科变革与学科建设 • 上一篇    下一篇

ChatGPT/生成式人工智能与未来职业教育

徐国庆, 蔡金芳, 姜蓓佳, 李政, 杨惠, 郑杰   

  1. 华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所，上海 200062
  • 接受日期:2023-04-11 出版日期:2023-07-01 发布日期:2023-06-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学重大课题“技能型社会测度模型、驱动因素及路径优化研究”（VJA220006）

ChatGPT/AIGC and the Future Vocational Education

Guoqing Xu, Jinfang Cai, Beijia Jiang, Zheng Li, Hui Yang, Jie Zheng   

  1. Institute of Vocational and Adult Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Accepted:2023-04-11 Online:2023-07-01 Published:2023-06-25

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摘要：

ChatGPT等生成式人工智能一经问世便引发广泛关注。从职业与职业能力、职业教育人才培养、职业院校科研等影响职业教育发展和体现职业教育重要职能的几个方面展开分析，可揭示ChatGPT影响下的未来职业教育图景。在职业方面着重阐明了ChatGPT对职业影响的技术原理、机制和路径，并提出相应的应对策略。在职业能力方面，从对职业能力的特点和结构的解释中分析了ChatGPT对职业能力的影响，并就未来如何应对各种影响提出建议。在职业教育人才培养方面，重点梳理了人工智能技术在高等职业教育人才培养领域中的应用，剖析了ChatGPT对高等职业教育人才培养的挑战及应对策略，并从职业技能培训体系的人才培养入手，阐述了ChatGPT的迭代更新对未来技能培训的影响以及ChatGPT对职业教育未来技能培训模式的影响。在职业院校科研方面，着重厘清职业院校科研的基本内涵，刻画职业院校科研在技能形成变迁中实现迭代的历程，阐述以ChatGPT为代表的“去技能化”技术发展对职业院校科研的影响，并回答了职业院校科研如何应对以ChatGPT为代表的“去技能化”技术的发展问题。

关键词: ChatGPT, 生成式人工智能, 职业教育, 职业, 人才培养, 应用型科研

Abstract:

Generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT has attracted strong attention since its inception. This paper reveals the future picture of vocational education under the influence of ChatGPT from four main aspects: vocation, vocational ability, personnel training in vocational education and scientific research in vocational colleges, which affect the development of vocational education and reflect the important functions of vocational education. Firstly, in terms of vocation, this paper puts forward corresponding coping strategies after clarifying the technical principles, mechanisms and paths of ChatGPT’s impact on vocation. Secondly, in terms of vocational ability, after combing the ability of ChatGPT, this paper analyzes the influence of ChatGPT on vocational ability from the explanation of the characteristics and structure of vocational ability, and suggests how to deal with the above influence. Thirdly, in terms of personnel training in vocational education, this paper first discusses the personnel training of vocational education school system, combs the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of higher vocational education personnel training, and then analyzes the challenge of ChatGPT to higher vocational education personnel training and puts forward countermeasures. Then this paper discusses the personnel training of vocational skills training system, expounds the influence of iterative update of ChatGPT on future skills training and the influence of ChatGPT on the future skills training mode of vocational education. Finally, in terms of scientific research in vocational colleges, after clarifying the basic connotation of scientific research in vocational colleges, this paper depicts the iterative process of scientific research in vocational colleges in the change of skill formation, expounds the influence of ‘de-skill’ technology development represented by ChatGPT on scientific research in vocational colleges, and answers how scientific research in vocational colleges should deal with ‘de-skill’ technology development represented by ChatGPT.

Key words: ChatGPT, AIGC, vocational education, vocation, personnel training, applied research