城镇化背景下的农村儿童早期发展与其照养人养育行为关系的实证研究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人力资本是经济发展的重要动力，儿童早期发展对人力资本积累至关重要，而照养人的养育行为对儿童早期发展水平具有重要影响。在我国实施城镇化的背景下，农村儿童早期发展水平关系到未来城镇化的程度及未来经济发展水平。本文采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第III版（BSID-III）及自制家庭量表，在我国中西部贫困农村地区、城镇化进程中形成的移民安置社区、大城市流动人口社区和失地农民社区抽样调查了1254名月龄为6—36个月农村儿童及其照养人，分析不同农村地区儿童早期发展水平及其照养人养育行为现状，并进一步分析城镇化背景下新型农村家庭居住的移民安置社区、流动人口社区和失地农民社区儿童早期发展水平与其照养人养育行为的关系。结果表明：在贫困农村地区及城镇化进程中形成的农村家庭居住地区，（1）农村儿童早期发展水平普遍存在滞后风险；（2）农村儿童主要照养人普遍缺乏科学养育行为；（3）农村儿童早期发展滞后风险与其照养人的积极养育行为显著负相关。因此，在城镇化背景下，应从家庭和国家层面转变教育观念，重视0—3岁农村儿童早期发展，提高我国农村儿童早期发展水平，推进城镇化进程中早期人力资本发展，促进人力资本积累。

关键词: 城镇化, 农村人力资本, 儿童早期发展, 养育行为

Abstract: Human capital is an important driver of economic growth in the process of urbanization. It is important to improve early childhood development (ECD) since ECD is essential for human capital accumulation. In the process of human capital accumulation, parenting practices play a very important role in ECD. Using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (BSID-III) and household survey form, we examine the rates of developmental delays among 6-36 months old infant/toddler in four major types of rural communities in China. We also explore the relationship between parenting practices and ECD. The results show that: 1) the shares of developmental delays are high in our samples; 2) only a small share of caregivers engages in the interactive parenting practices with their infant/toddler; 3) interactive parenting practices are significantly and negatively associated with developmental delays. Under the background of urbanization, early childhood development in rural communities urgently requires more attention if China hopes to build up enough human capital towards a high-income economy.

Key words: urbanization, human capital, ECD, parenting practices

张偲琪, 史耀疆, 王蕾, 杨宁, 刘步瑶, 党瑞瑞, 白钰. 城镇化背景下的农村儿童早期发展与其照养人养育行为关系的实证研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2020, 38(6): 102-115.

Zhang Siqi, Shi Yaojiang, Wang Lei, Yang Ning, Liu Buyao, Dang Ruirui, Bai Yu. Urbanization and Human Capital: Early Childhood Development in Rural China[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2020, 38(6): 102-115.

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