华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 40-48.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.01.003

• 教育法治:教育主体法律地位 • 上一篇    下一篇

论中小学学校的法律地位

任海涛, 杨兴龙   

  1. 华东师范大学法学院,上海 200241
  • 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-18

The Legal Status of Primary and Secondary Schools

Haitao Ren, Xinglong Yang   

  1. School of Law, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-18

摘要:

学校法律地位的界定是研究学校内部建构和对外关系的基础性前提。从目前的司法实践来看,高校的法律地位日臻明确,但中小学的法律地位仍有待探索,值得重视。中小学的法律地位可以分为民事法律地位与行政法律地位,从我国目前的法律规范出发,对其界定需要根据不同类型的中小学进行多元化处理。就民事法律地位而言,我国的公立中小学不具有独立的法人地位,而民办中小学具有法人地位;就行政法律地位而言,中小学在与行政机关的关系中既可能是行政相对人,也可能是内部下属机构,在对教师的职务评定以及非义务教育阶段的学生做出开除处理时可能具有行政主体的法律地位。

关键词: 中小学, 学校法律地位, 教育法, 法人, 行政相对人

Abstract:

The definition of the legal status of the school is the basic premise for studying the internal construction and external relations of the school. From the current judicial practice, the legal status of colleges and universities is getting clearer, but the legal status of primary and secondary schools is still to be explored, which is worth paying attention to. The legal status of primary and secondary schools in China can be divided into civil legal status and administrative legal status. According to the current legal norms of China, its definition needs to be dealt with in a diversified way according to different types of primary and secondary schools. In terms of civil legal status, public primary and secondary schools in China do not have the status of independent legal person, while private primary and secondary schools have the status of legal person. As far as administrative legal status is concerned, primary and secondary schools may be administrative counterparts or internal subsidiary in their relations with administrative organs, and may have the legal status of administrative subjects when evaluating teachers' positions and discharging students from non-compulsory education.

Key words: primary and secondary schools, legal status, education law, legal person, administrative counterpart