华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 49-58.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.01.004

• 教育法治:教育主体法律地位 • 上一篇    下一篇

教师的法律地位研究

余雅风, 王祈然   

  1. 北京师范大学教育学部,北京 1000875
  • 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-18
  • 基金资助:
    全国教育科学“十三五”规划 国家一般课题“民办学校分类规范的法律制度研究”(BAA180023)

Legal Status of Teachers

Yafeng Yu, Qiran Wang   

  1. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 1000875
  • Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-18

摘要:

合理确立教师的法律地位,是建设高素质教师队伍的重要保障,也是人与社会发展的必然要求。我国现行立法将教师作为与其他专业人员无异的一类群体,在法律地位上没有体现教师职业的特殊性,也没有呈现不同教育阶段、不同性质学校教师群体的差异性,导致教师管理实践中问题和争议频发。教师职业源于现代国家公共教育体系建立的需要以及其对社会发展的重要功能,与其他类型专业人员最显著的区别即在于教师职业的公共性,而不同教育阶段、不同性质学校教师群体的公共性强度也存在显著差异。应以教师职业的公共性为分析基础,以公共性强度差异为划分维度,确立不同教师群体的法律身份以及与之相适应的教师与相关主体的法律关系;以公共性保障及其与自主性的协调为目标,确立教师的权利和义务,科学设计教师的法律地位。

关键词: 教师, 法律地位, 公共性, 教师法, 法律身份, 教师的权利与义务, 教师聘任

Abstract:

Defining the legal status of teachers is essential for the construction of a high-quality teaching force. Nowadays, the teacher law does not reflect the special characteristics of different teacher groups, which results in disputes in teacher management. The establishment of teachers’ legal status should be based on the publicity of teachers’ occupation, and the legal status of teachers in different schools at different levels should be defined clearly. The legal relationship between teachers and schools also need to be defined, and teachers’ professional status stems from the need of modern national education system and social development. The provision of teachers’ rights and obligations should be based on teachers’ publicity, and differences of teachers’ publicity at different levels and different schools need to be reflected. The legal status of different groups of teachers and the corresponding legal relationship between teachers and related subjects need to be established according to their different intensity of publicity. Thus, the teacher law should ensure the coordination of publicity and autonomy, clarify the rights and obligations of teachers, and the legal status of teachers.

Key words: teacher, legal status, publicity, teacher law, legal identity, legal rights and obligations of teachers, teacher employment