华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 107-126.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.07.010
• 权威发布 • 上一篇
中国发展研究基金会“一村一园”计划课题组
出版日期:
2021-07-01
发布日期:
2021-07-02
Program China Development Research Foundation “One Village One Preschool”
Online:
2021-07-01
Published:
2021-07-02
摘要:
“治贫先治愚”是脱贫攻坚战的长远之计。为了促进贫困地区儿童健康发展,探索阻断贫困代际传递的有效途径,2009年,中国发展研究基金会在青海省海东地委、行署的支持下,在乐都县开展了贫困地区儿童早期发展项目,包括山村幼儿园和营养包两个项目。其中山村幼儿园项目随着规模的不断扩大、质量的不断提升、当地政府的大力推广,2016年提升为“一村一园”计划。“一村一园”计划实施10年来,已建成了村一级学前教育服务体系,显著提升了贫困地区学前教育3年毛入园率。至2019年底,乐都区学前3年毛入园率已超过98%。10年间,乐都有8705名儿童从山村幼儿园毕业进入义务教育阶段,受益家庭超过5400户。山村幼儿园保障了全县近30%的贫困农村学生,总人均成本仅为县级公立园的1/6—1/8。至2019年底,“一村一园”计划已在我国11个中西部省份的33个县广泛实施,在园儿童超过80000人,累计受益人数超过210000人。“一村一园”计划的质量和效果也比较理想,受益儿童的发展水平、心理特质、智力与学习能力等方面普遍好于未上幼儿园的儿童和乡镇幼儿园儿童,有些方面接近县级公立园。无论从受益面、成本效益、教育效果、社会影响等方面看,“一村一园”计划是教育精准扶贫的优秀项目,体现了社会公正的基本公共服务价值取向。
中国发展研究基金会“一村一园”计划课题组. 教育精准扶贫:“一村一园”计划乐都十周年效果评估[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(7): 107-126.
Program China Development Research Foundation “One Village One Preschool”. Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Education: Effect Evaluation of the 10th Anniversary of Ledu “One Village One Preschool” Program[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(7): 107-126.
表 1
乐都区被试儿童基本情况"
性别 | 男 | 女 | |||
565(52%) | 521(48%) | ||||
民族 | 少数民族 | 汉族 | |||
397(37%) | 689(63%) | ||||
留守儿童 | 是 | 否 | |||
424(39%) | 662(61%) | ||||
平均值 | 标准差 | 最大值 | 最小值 | ||
年龄 | 4.36 | 0.95 | 7 | 2 | |
理解性词汇 | 19.93 | 12.75 | 89 | 1 | |
表达性词汇 | 33.57 | 16.63 | 88 | 1 | |
认知发展 | 12.29 | 6.80 | 28 | 1 | |
社会情感发展 | 8.70 | 4.31 | 17 | 1 | |
动作发展 | 5.62 | 1.54 | 7 | 1 | |
语言和读写发展 | 11.73 | 5.67 | 30 | 1 | |
健康卫生与安全 | 8.80 | 2.69 | 11 | 0 | |
文化意识与参与 | 6.13 | 2.29 | 16 | 0 | |
学习品质 | 3.43 | 2.24 | 7 | 1 | |
执行功能 | 18.31 | 17.03 | 60 | 0 | |
儿童发展总分 | 75.50 | 35.07 | 153 | 1 |
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