华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 113-126.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.01.008

• 教育评价：中高考研究 • 上一篇    

“寒门贵子”是“补偿”还是“选拔”出来的？——对两所精英大学2018—2023年高校专项计划招生的追踪研究

金文旺1, 柳夕浪2   

  1. 1. 北京师范大学中国教育与社会发展研究院，北京 100875
    2. 山东师范大学教育学部，济南 250014
  • 接受日期:2024-06-22 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2024-12-24

Was the “Noble Son of A Poor Family” Compensated or Selected Out? A Follow-up Study on the Enrollment of Two Elite Universities under the Special Program from 2018 to 2023

Wenwang Jin1, Xilang Liu2   

  1. 1. China Institute of Education and Social Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2. The Faculty of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
  • Accepted:2024-06-22 Online:2025-01-01 Published:2024-12-24

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摘要：

高校专项计划是我国促进高质量教育公平、破解农村学生上好大学难而出台的一项入学机会补偿政策。综合运用描述性统计方法，本研究对两所精英大学2018—2023年间高校专项计划的选录情况进行了持续追踪研究。从初审、降分、录取人数的总体规模及变化趋势看，近几年高校专项计划政策力度不断加大，越来越多的寒门子弟进入精英高校。同时，精英大学高校专项计划实际招生呈现“补偿不均，选拔有余”的鲜明特点，经济欠发达、教育发展水平薄弱省域的农村学生和学校在该计划中并未获得更多优质高校入学机会的补偿，一个重要原因在于他们在高校自主选拔和高考选拔中处于劣势。为此，应调整高校专项计划招生办法及相关政策，确立“补偿为主，兼顾选拔”的价值导向并切实付诸实践，推进“实质的公平”。

关键词: 高校专项计划, 补偿, 选拔, 教育公平, 精英大学

Abstract:

The Special Program of colleges and universities is a compensatory policy for admission opportunities to promote the high-quality educational equity and solve the difficulty of rural students to go to good universities. Descriptive statistical methods were used to track the enrollment of two elite universities under the Special Program from 2018 to 2023. Judging from the overall scale and tendency of the number of students who passed the “initial review”, got the “score reduction” and achived the “final admission”, the Special Program have been strengthened in recent years, more and more students from poor families have entered elite universities. At the same time, the actual enrollment of the Special Program in elite universities showed a distinct feature of “uneven compensation and excessive selection”. Rural students and schools in economically and educationally underdeveloped provinces were not compensated for more high-quality admission opportunities in the Special Program. An important reason is that they were at a disadvantage in the independent selection of elite universities and the selection of college entrance examination. In the next step, to promote the “substantive educational equity”, we should adjust the enrollment methods and related policies of the Special Program, establish the value orientation of “compensation first while taking into account selection” and put it into practice.

Key words: the Special Program, compensation, selection, educational equity, elite universities