华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 78-91.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2024.02.006

• 基础教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国小学生劳动素养现状及其影响因素研究

王晓杰1, 宋乃庆2,3   

  1. 1. 陕西师范大学教师发展学院，西安 710062
    2. 西南大学基础教育研究中心，重庆 400715
    3. 中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心西南大学分中心，重庆 400715
  • 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-01-17
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社科项目“新时代中小学生劳动素养发展指数构建及应用研究”（22XJC880008）；北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心课题“小学劳动教育测评模型构建研究”（2021-06-002-BZPK01）；北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心课题“中小学生劳动观念测评工具研发”（2022-06-033-BZPK01）

A Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Students’Labor Literacy in Primary Schools in China

Xiaojie Wang1, Naiqing Song2,3   

  1. 1. Faculty of Teacher Development, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710062, China
    2. Basic Education Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    3. Southwest University Sub-center of China Basic Education Quality Monitoring Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Online:2024-02-01 Published:2024-01-17

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摘要：

通过对全国东中西部24个省份的156050名小学生、100039名家长调查数据进行分析发现：小学生劳动素养整体较好，但仍有进步空间，尤其是在学生劳动知行合一、劳动荣辱观、家务劳动意愿、劳动创造精神、劳动主动性、精细化劳动技能方面亟待改善。城市小学生劳动观念显著优于农村，西部小学生劳动能力显著高于中、东部，女生劳动参与显著优于男生，三年级学生劳动能力显著低于四、五、六年级。学校劳动教育课程及活动的次数、种类数，有专门劳动教育场所、教师，家长劳动教育观念、态度、参与对小学生劳动素养有正向影响，其中学校劳动教育课程及活动种类数、家长劳动教育态度的影响较大；是独生子女家庭、有保姆照顾对小学生劳动素养有负向影响，但影响相对较小。提出了转变教育理念、完善课程内容、优化教学方式、关注特色发展、健全协同机制、强化条件保障等对策建议。

关键词: 小学生劳动素养, 现状, 影响因素

Abstract:

Through the analysis of the data of 156,050 students in primary schools and 100,039 parents in 24 provinces in China, we found that student’s labor literacy is generally good, but there is still room for improvement,in particular,the “unity of knowledge and practice” of students’ labor, students’ concept of labor honor and disgrace, students’ willingness to housework, students’ labor creativity, students’ labor time, students’ labor initiative, students’ refined labor capacity need to be improved. The labor concept of urban pupils is significantly better than that of rural pupils; the labor capacity of pupils in the west is significantly higher than that of pupils in the central and east China; the labor participation of girls is significantly better than that of boys, and the labor capacity of third graders is significantly lower than that of fourth, fifth and sixth graders. Also,the number and types of labor courses and activities in school, special places and teachers of labor education, parents’ labor education concept, attitudes and participation have a positive impact on students’ labor literacy, among them, the types of school labor education courses and activities, and parents’ attitudes towards labor education have a greater impact. Being only child family, having a nanny care has a negative impact on students’ labor literacy, but the impact is relatively small. Accordingly, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of changing educational ideas, improving course content, optimizing teaching methods, paying attention to characteristic development, perfecting the coordination mechanism, and strengthening the condition guarantee.

Key words: students’ labor literacy in primary schools, present situation, influencing factors