华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 85-99.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2023.09.006

• 质量与公平 • 上一篇    下一篇

乡村教师离职意愿影响因素的变与不变——基于《云南省乡村教师支持计划(2015—2020年)》实施前后的比较

王艳玲   

  1. 华东师范大学教师教育学院,上海 200062
  • 出版日期:2023-09-01 发布日期:2023-08-28
  • 基金资助:
    云南省省院省校教育合作研究项目“《云南省乡村教师支持计划(2015-2020年)》实施绩效评估与后续政策研究”(SYSX202009)

The Change of Influencing Factors of Rural Teachers’ Turnover Intention: The Comparison before and after the Implementation of the Rural Teachers Support Plan of Yunnan Province (2015—2020)

Yanling Wang   

  1. College of Teacher Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Online:2023-09-01 Published:2023-08-28

摘要:

准确把握乡村教师离职意愿及其影响因素是稳定乡村教师队伍的前提。对云南省5342位乡村教师的调查显示:乡村教师中“一直有”离职意愿的比例约为30%,比2016年高出5.7%;教龄3至5年的乡村教师离职意愿最强烈,说明近年入职的教师仍然“留不住”。“让孩子享受更好的教育资源”“照顾家人”仍然是影响乡村教师离职意愿的最重要因素,“工资待遇、办公和住房条件”在教师离职意愿影响因素中的位次下降明显,“学校管理与教师评价”的影响进一步凸显。结合实地调查发现,我国城乡二元结构导致乡村教师对乡村教育的疏离、“以县为主”的乡村教师待遇保障机制运转乏力、乡村教师长效补充机制缺失、乡村教育管理体制机制不顺,是影响乡村教师离职意愿的深层原因。稳定乡村教师队伍,需要在乡村振兴中统筹规划和发展乡村教育,重建乡村教育生态;构建乡村教师待遇持续改善机制;建立乡村教师长效补充机制;理顺乡村教育管理体制机制,激发乡村学校办学活力。

关键词: 乡村教师, 乡村教师离职意愿, 影响因素

Abstract:

Clearly understanding rural teachers’ turnover intention and its influencing factors is the prerequisite for retaining rural teachers. According to a survey of 5,342 rural teachers in Yunnan province, about 30% of them “always have” the willingness to move, which is 5.7% higher than that in 2016. The rural teachers with a teaching experience of “3-5 years” demonstrate the strongest intention to move, indicating that teachers who have joined in recent years are still “unable to retain”. The most important factors affecting rural teachers’ turnover intention are “allowing children to enjoy better educational resources” and “taking care of family members”, while salary, office and housing conditions are significantly lower in the list of factors. The influence of “school management and teacher evaluation” is further highlighted. Combined with field investigations, it is found that the cultural and psychological characteristics of rural teachers caused by the urban-rural dichotomy, the lack of improvement in the welfare of rural teachers under the “county-based” rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism, the lack of a stable teacher supply mechanism for rural education, and the failure of the educational management system in township, etc., are the deep-seated factors that influence the willingness of rural teachers’ turnover intention. This study thus suggests that to stabilize the rural teaching force, it is necessary to plan and develop rural education in the process of rural revitalization and rebuild the ecology of rural education. It is also necessary to enhance the continuous improvement mechanism of rural teachers’ welfare, establish a long-term supplementary mechanism for rural teachers, improve the management system of rural education, and stimulate the vitality of rural school operation.

Key words: rural teachers, rural teachers’ turnover intention, influencing factors