华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 30-38+117.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2017.01.003

• 专题现代学徒制研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国职业教育现代学徒制构建中的关键问题

徐国庆   

  1. 华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所, 上海 200062
  • 出版日期:2017-02-20 发布日期:2017-03-27
  • 基金资助:

    2015年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“职业教育现代学徒制理论研究与实践探索”(15JZD046)

Key Issues in Developing Modern Apprenticeship in China's Vocational Education

XU Guoqing   

  1. Institute of Vocational & Adult Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-03-27
  • Contact: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2017.01.003
  • About author:XU Guoqing

摘要:

现代学徒制是当前我国职业教育改革与发展的热点,其成功构建需要深入研究五个关键问题:什么是现代学徒制?为什么要发展现代学徒制?要发展什么样的现代学徒制?发展现代学徒制面临的关键性制度障碍是什么?现代学徒制需要哪些支撑条件?现代学徒制构建需要沿着这五个方面,捕捉实质性问题及其解决策略。现代学徒制是个极为复杂的体系,对它的研究不仅需要经济社会学、劳动力市场理论等视角,而且必须确立现代学徒制形成的社会建构观,探索可能促使其形成的社会机制。

关键词: 职业教育, 现代学徒制, 关键问题

Abstract:

In China, modern apprenticeship is highlighted in current vocational education reform and development. This reform involves three levels, namely learning methods, vocational training model and vocational education system. In order to promote the successful construction of modern apprenticeship in China, five key issues should be made clear:what is modern apprenticeship? What is the purpose of developing modern apprenticeship and what kind of modern apprenticeship should be developed? What are the main barriers to developing modern apprenticeship? What are the supporting conditions of modern apprenticeship? In the development of modern apprenticeship, it's necessary to capture the substantive problems and develop proper strategies in terms of the five issues.
The connotation of modern apprenticeship includes four aspects:a) it is a learning style of technical competence based on stable mentor-apprentice relationship; b) it is apprenticeship of modern industry and service industry; c) it is one part of modern occupation education; d)it is an open system of technical skills training.
In many countries the purpose of developing modern apprenticeship is to solve the problem of high youth unemployment, while in China, the more important purpose is to cultivate skilled workers who can adapt to the emerging industry. Therefore, the modern apprenticeship system in China should develop at several levels to meet the needs of different policies.
However, the development of modern apprentice system in China faces a critical institutional obstacle, that is, the economic operation mode is too inclined to free market. In the current system environment, the key to the development of modern apprenticeship is how to reconstruct mentor-apprentice relationship in modern enterprises under the market economy system. Based on the experience in Germany and Japan, it is necessary to impose proper coordination on economic operation through social forces, and we can employ different modes in product market and labor market.
The development of modern apprenticeship in China is also challenged by inadequate infrastructure, such as the lack of national vocational teaching standards, master system as well as the path to the apprentice's career development. System reform and the improvement of infrastructure can help guarantee the development of modern apprenticeship. As modern apprenticeship is a very complex system, research on the system requires a multi-perspective, involving not only economic sociology, labor market theory, but also the perspective of social constructivism to explore social mechanism which may contribute to its development.

Key words: vocational education, modern apprenticeship, key issues