华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 87-98+169.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2018.03.009

• 高考计分与积分 • 上一篇    下一篇

如何让学业测评的结果更有效——基于潜变量的调节模型研究

刘徽1, 张朋2, 潘晶晶2   

  1. 1. 浙江大学教育学院, 杭州 310028;
    2. 浙江大学数学科学学院, 杭州 310021
  • 出版日期:2018-06-20 发布日期:2018-04-24
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金教育学重大招标课题"适应新高考要求的普通高中学业水平考试与综合素质评价实施策略研究"（VHA150003）；浙江大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题"教学设计与课堂学习研究"（DCL001）。

How to Make the Results of Academic Evaluation More Valid: Research on Adjustment Model Based on Latent Variable

LIU Hui1, ZHANG Peng2, PAN Jingjing2   

  1. 1. College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China;
    2. School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310021, China
  • Online:2018-06-20 Published:2018-04-24

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摘要： 高考作为选拔性学业测评，其效度大小取决于能否区分学生在问题解决时所表现出的迁移能力的强弱。而学业测评的原始得分并不能很好地反映学生实际的能力水平。能力是一个潜变量。为使学业测评的结果更有效，本研究构建了基于潜变量的调节模型，以能力满分学生作为参照，依据试题的难易程度为学生的原始得分重新加权，由此得到每个学生的能力得分。将基于潜变量的调节模型运用于11所高中联考的数据分析中，此次联考共有9008名高一学生参加，涉及10门学科。研究发现：（1）相较原始得分，调整后的能力得分更趋于正态分布；（2）能力得分相对于原始得分更为稳定；（3）从总体上看，原始得分与能力得分具有高相关性；（4）从个体上看，学生的原始得分和能力得分之间有较大的差异。

关键词: 学业测评, 高考改革, 效度, 迁移, 能力, 潜变量

Abstract: The validity of Gaokao(Chinese college entrance examination), a selective test of academic evaluation, depends on its identification of the variability of students' transferable ability in problem-solving. However, the raw score in academic evaluation does not reflect the actual level of students' ability, which is a latent variable. In order to make the results of academic evaluation more valid, this study constructs a moderated model based on latent variable by treating a student with full score in ability as a reference. Raw score of a particular question is re-weighed according to the difficulty of the question. The moderated model based on the latent variable was applied to the data analysis of an 11-school-league examination, with a total of 9,008 high school students participating in 10 subjects tests. The results show that:a) the adjusted score is more normal than the raw score; b) the ability score is more stable than the raw score; c) the total score has a high correlation with the ability score; d) individually, there is a big difference between the raw score and the ability score.

Key words: academic assessment, reform of Gaokao, validity, transfer, ability, latent variable