华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 93-111.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.02.006

• 教育人口学 • 上一篇    下一篇

研究生教育选择对大学生未来婚育意愿的影响研究

鲍威1,2, 周晨3, 徐长虹2   

  1. 1. 厦门大学高等教育发展中心,厦门 361005
    2. 厦门大学教育研究院,厦门 361005
    3. 中央财经大学宣传部、新闻中心,北京 100081
  • 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“新时代科技强国目标下组织支持对女性学者职业发展的激励机制研究”(72374015)。

The Impact of Graduate Education Choices on College Students’ Future Marriage and Fertility Intentions

Wei Bao1,2, Chen Zhou3, Changhong Xu2   

  1. 1. Center for Higher Education Development Research Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
    2. Institution of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
    3. Publicity Office and News Center, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
  • Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-01-26

摘要:

在高层次创新人才培养战略与就业竞争持续加剧的双重背景下,读研已成为中国青年群体的重要教育选择。高等教育就读年限的延长不仅是学习生涯的纵向延伸,也对个体生命历程的建构产生深远影响,在引发“教育-就业-婚育”时序挤压的同时或将加速我国人口少子化进程。本文基于全国大学生追踪调查数据,实证考察了研究生教育选择对大学生未来婚育意愿的冲击。研究发现,研究生教育选择显著抑制大学生的婚姻意愿、推迟预期初婚年龄、降低生育意愿及预期生育子女数量,且对女性和低收入家庭背景群体的抑制效应尤为显著。研究拓展了教育与婚育关系研究的理论视角,为未来高等教育制度与人口政策的协同变革提供了经验依据。

关键词: 研究生教育选择, 婚姻意愿, 生育意愿, 高校学生, 影响效应

Abstract:

In the context of the dual pressures of high-level talent cultivation strategies and intensifying employment competition, pursuing a graduate degree has become one of the primary educational choices for the majority of Chinese youth. The extension of higher education duration not only represents a vertical extension of one’s academic career but also has profound effects on the construction of individual life courses. This extension may exacerbate the “education-employment-marriage-childbearing” temporal squeeze, potentially accelerating the process of low fertility rate in China. Based on data from the national university student tracking survey, this study investigates the impact of graduate education choices on college students’ future marriage and childbearing intentions. The findings reveal that graduate education significantly inhibits students’ marriage intentions, delays their expected age at first marriage, reduces their childbearing intentions, and lowers their expected number of children. Notably, the inhibitory effects are more pronounced among female students and those from low-income family backgrounds. This study expands the theoretical perspective on the relationship between education and marriage/childbearing, providing empirical evidence for future collaborative reforms in higher education systems and population policies.

Key words: graduate education choices, marriage intentions, fertility intentions, college students, effects