华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 40-56.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.03.004

• 人工智能时代的教育转型 • 上一篇    下一篇

数字化转型视域下全球在线课程十年建设:学科与区域发展的邻近效应

张婧婧1, 于玻2, 曾安3   

  1. 1. 北京师范大学教育学部, 北京 100875
    2. 剑桥大学教育系,剑桥 CB2 1TN
    3. 北京师范大学系统科学学院, 北京 100875
  • 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-02

Ten Years of Global Online Course Development in the Context of Digital Transformation: Proximity Effects in Disciplinary and Regional Growth

Jingjing Zhang1, Bo Yu2, An Zeng3   

  1. 1. Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    2. Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
    3. School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-02

摘要:

在线课程的发展已成为推动全球高等教育数字化转型的重要支撑,其学科与区域发展模式呈现出复杂的动态演化特征。本研究基于2012-2022年间覆盖57个国家和地区、965所高校和研究机构的共计168,115条课程数据,采用复杂网络分析方法,并结合比较优势与产品空间理论,构建全球数字化课程空间,系统探讨在线课程建设的学科与区域发展的邻近效应。研究发现,全球数字化课程空间呈现显著的“核心—边缘”结构。长期来看,高校课程发展依赖邻近性原则,倾向于优先建设与已有优势课程类似的课程;而短期内则表现出更强的多元化倾向。从区域层面来看,课程数字化转型水平与国家经济发展程度高度相关,美国在传统学科与新兴技术领域持续保持显著优势,而发展中国家在计算机科学与新兴技术领域相对薄弱。此外,课程空间的结构显著影响高校与区域的数字化转型路径,制约课程升级的效率。本研究指出,各高校需要通过优化课程体系以强化学科比较优势,进而推动高校教育数字化转型。

关键词: 数字化转型, 在线课程, 比较优势, 邻近效应, 学科发展, 区域发展

Abstract:

The development of online courses has become a critical driver of global higher education’s digital transformation, characterized by complex and dynamic patterns in disciplinary and regional evolution. Drawing on data from 168,115 courses offered by 965 universities and research institutions across 57 countries between 2012 and 2022, this study employs complex network analysis combined with the theories of comparative advantage and product space to construct a global digital course space and explore proximity effects in online course development. The results reveal a distinct “core-periphery” structure within the global digital course space. Over the long term, universities tend to develop courses closely aligned with their existing comparative advantages, demonstrating a reliance on proximity. In the short term, however, a greater emphasis on diversification is observed. Regionally, the degree of digital transformation in course development is strongly tied to national economic development, with North America maintaining significant advantages in traditional disciplines and emerging technologies, while developing nations lag behind in computer science and advanced technology. Additionally, the distribution of proximity within the course space significantly shapes the pathways of digital transformation, constraining the efficiency and scalability of course upgrading. This study suggests that universities need to strengthen their disciplinary comparative advantages by optimising their curricular structures, thereby advancing the digital transformation of higher education.

Key words: Digital Transformation, Online Courses, Comparative Advantage, Proximity Effect, Disciplinary Development, Regional Development