中国青少年社会与情感能力发展水平报告

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2021.09.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本报告分析了我国苏州市10岁和15岁组学生社会与情感能力测评数据，结果发现：10岁组学生在所有15项社会与情感能力中的得分都略高于15岁组学生；10岁组学生中女生在合作、共情、乐群、毅力和包容度能力上得分高于男生；除包容度以外，15岁组学生中男生在其他社会与情感能力上得分都要高于女生。乐观是迄今为止与生活满意度和当前心理幸福感最为密切的能力，其次是活力和信任。抗压力和乐观与学生考试焦虑的关系最为密切。总体而言，学校归属感和师生关系与所有15项社会与情感能力呈正相关。相比之下，校园欺凌与所有15项社会与情感能力呈显著负相关。归属感与乐群、乐观和合作能力呈正相关。师生关系与乐观、好奇心和合作能力相关。校园欺凌与情绪调节（乐观、情绪控制和抗压力）密切相关。

关键词: 中国青少年, 社会与情感能力, 发展水平, 影响因素, 生活结果

Abstract:

This report analyzes the Suzhou data in the SSES main study on 10-year-old and 15-year-old students’ social and emotional skills. The results show that 10-year-old students score higher on all 15 social and emotional skills than 15-year-old students. Among 10-year-old students, girls score higher on cooperation, empathy, sociability, persistence, and tolerance than boys. Except for tolerance, among 15-year-old students, boys score higher on other social and emotional skills than girls. Optimism is by far the most closely related ability to life satisfaction and psychological well-being, followed by energy and trust. Stress resilience and optimism are most closely related to students’ test anxiety. In general, sense of school belonging and teacher-student relationship are positively correlated with all 15 social and emotional skills, in particular with optimism, curiosity and cooperation. In contrast, school bullying is negatively correlated with all 15 social and emotional skills, in particular with emotion regulation (optimism, emotional control and stress resilience).

Key words: Chinese adolescence, social and emotional skills, development, predictors, life outcomes

袁振国, 黄忠敬, 李婧娟, 张静. 中国青少年社会与情感能力发展水平报告[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2021, 39(9): 1-32.

Zhenguo Yuan, Zhongjing Huang, Jingjuan Li, Jing Zhang. Report on Chinese Adolescence’s Development of Social and Emotional Skills[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Educational Sciences), 2021, 39(9): 1-32.

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	抽中学生数	学生参试人数（参与率）	家长参试数	教师参试数	校长参试数
10岁组	3800	3647（95.97%）	3606	1400	76
15岁组	3750	3621（96.56%）	3530	2332	75
总计	7550	7268（96.26%）	7136	3732	151

能力	样本量		平均数		标准差
能力	10岁组	15岁组	10岁组	15岁组	10岁组	15岁组
责任感	3631	3611	640.02	580.42	114.73	87.91
毅力	3631	3611	649.76	571.64	109.03	77.94
自控力	3631	3611	612.57	572.69	101.12	77.10
抗压力	3631	3611	524.41	465.19	112.56	88.37
乐观	3631	3611	624.67	558.94	113.55	84.48
情绪控制	3631	3611	595.48	536.40	124.40	82.77
共情	3631	3611	674.57	599.96	113.46	82.47
信任	3631	3611	652.46	575.24	123.53	87.12
合作	3631	3611	674.22	604.33	110.73	83.65
乐群	3631	3611	636.64	572.43	106.52	81.30
果敢	3631	3611	535.84	511.39	83.68	73.00
活力	3631	3611	591.97	526.73	98.93	76.25
包容度	3631	3611	641.96	614.28	109.62	91.94
好奇心	3631	3611	643.88	575.99	100.30	77.32
创造性	3631	3611	635.94	567.38	111.41	87.18

能力	10岁组（N = 3586）		15岁组（N = 3505）
能力	平均数	标准差	平均数	标准差
责任感	565.88	87.92	588.96	93.71
毅力	563.02	81.64	582.50	80.71
自控力	546.82	81.86	575.23	77.57
抗压力	551.01	99.32	555.14	93.91
乐观	596.18	82.89	588.20	80.45
情绪控制	543.03	93.30	562.25	93.81
共情	611.87	98.22	613.61	92.03
信任	636.76	98.96	627.63	93.70
合作	642.74	97.27	638.80	97.70
乐群	607.04	89.13	584.92	79.15
果敢	541.80	79.42	528.60	75.24
活力	573.43	78.09	548.03	72.49
包容度	575.40	87.74	564.03	75.99
好奇心	605.95	89.87	587.72	82.32
创造性	582.70	88.80	568.42	80.49

能力	10岁组（N = 3612）		15岁组（N = 3523）
能力	平均数	标准差	平均数	标准差
责任感	2.62	0.77	2.68	0.58
毅力	2.60	0.90	2.72	0.66
自控力	2.42	0.73	2.48	0.56
抗压力	2.25	0.69	2.10	0.68
乐观	2.76	0.67	2.66	0.57
情绪控制	2.69	0.75	2.61	0.65
共情	2.65	0.70	2.66	0.58
信任	2.72	0.61	2.64	0.53
合作	2.88	0.69	2.84	0.56
乐群	2.77	0.68	2.69	0.60
果敢	2.11	0.85	2.17	0.71
活力	2.52	0.75	2.44	0.64
包容度	2.25	0.80	2.30	0.68
好奇心	2.73	0.79	2.69	0.63
创造性	2.45	0.82	2.49	0.66

能力	女孩（N = 1652）		男孩（N = 1975）
能力	平均数	标准差	平均数	标准差
责任感	649.15	116.35	632.51	112.87
毅力	655.21	110.80	645.32	107.39
自控力	617.44	100.48	608.64	101.48
抗压力	521.40	115.03	527.08	110.39
乐观	628.06	117.42	621.92	110.16
情绪控制	594.34	123.47	596.53	125.18
共情	686.78	112.20	664.39	113.54
信任	654.62	125.32	650.80	122.05
合作	683.59	110.66	666.50	110.28
乐群	642.10	108.44	632.24	104.63
果敢	538.73	82.70	533.49	84.36
活力	587.90	96.08	595.53	101.12
包容度	646.20	109.78	638.53	109.40
好奇心	645.24	101.63	642.93	98.93
创造性	632.64	111.93	638.85	110.95