华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 85-98.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2024.01.006

• 基本理论与基本问题 • 上一篇    下一篇

指向人的教化的美学人类学——赫尔巴特美学视角下的教育理论

彭韬   

  1. 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地南京师范大学道德教育研究所,南京 210097
  • 出版日期:2024-01-01 发布日期:2023-12-28
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学青年课题“学校德育语境中的知性德育研究——以德国为例”(EEA210413)

Aesthetic Anthropology Pointing to the Human Formation: Herbart’s Educational Theory from the Perspective of His Aesthetic Thought

Tao Peng   

  1. Institute of Moral Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
  • Online:2024-01-01 Published:2023-12-28

摘要:

赫尔巴特的美学思想在美学和教育学领域未得到应有的重视和阐发,本文试图论证,赫尔巴特构建了一种美学人类学的视野,并将伦理学、教育学、文艺学等诸多领域的理论都纳入其中。这种美学人类学将以审美判断为核心的美学原理贯穿于有关人类实践的各方面基本问题中,尤其显示出“伦理学的兴趣”,他将伦理学的基本原则建立在美学的原理之上,提出了一种美德融通的机制,并将其最终指向了人的教化(Bildung)。以人的教化为目的的教育行动必须沿着审美的道路才能促成道德性格的形成,这也是教学和训育具有教育性的前提条件。在这样的美学人类学视野中理解赫尔巴特的教育学,才能充分彰显其教育思想的当代意义。

关键词: 赫尔巴特, 审美判断, 美学人类学, 教化, 教育

Abstract:

Herbart’s aesthetics has not got due attention and elucidation in the field of aesthetics and pedagogy. This study aims to posit that Herbart constructed a vision of aesthetic anthropology, including multiple theories concerning ethics, pedagogy, and art. In this kind of aesthetic anthropology, aesthetic principles with the core feature of aesthetic judgment run through almost each aspect of the human practice, highlighting “interest in ethics” in particular. Building the basic principles of ethics on aesthetics, Herbart proposed the mechanism of incorporating aesthetics and ethics, and oriented it to the human formation (Bildung). Only along the way of aesthetics could the education act aiming at human formation promote forming moral character. Instruction and discipline are educational because of this. From such a view of aesthetic anthropology to identify Herbart’s pedagogy, the contemporary meaning of his educational thought could be fully demonstrated.

Key words: Herbart, aesthetic judgment, aesthetic anthropology, human formation, education