华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 105-111.

• 教育史 • 上一篇    下一篇

恩科制、科举功能嬗变与清代教育危机

宗韵   

  1. 华东师范大学古籍所， 上海 200241
  • 出版日期:2014-12-20 发布日期:2015-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 宗韵
  • 作者简介:宗韵
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社科青年基金项目“清代恩科研究”(12YJCZH322)

The Enke System, Function Shift of the Imperial Examination System and the Crisis in Education

ZONG Yun   

  1. East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241
  • Online:2014-12-20 Published:2015-01-06
  • Contact: ZONG Yun
  • About author: ZONG Yun

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摘要： 清康熙朝中后期，科举入仕政策导向下的文化教育“繁荣昌盛”，其直接结果是科举应试人口膨胀，中式机率走低。科举笼络士子、控制社会的功能亦相应趋弱。情势所逼，清廷设立恩科。雍正、乾隆二朝恩科的周密实施，在保障科举控制社会之强力的同时，也使得传统科举的根本功能——选贤任能作为交换而被牺牲。长此以往，科举终结，以培养专事科举者为主旨的清代教育亦失去存在意义。

关键词: 清代, 教育, 恩科, 科举功能

Abstract: In late Kangxi Dynasty, the swelling population of test takers and the limited admission quota in the imperial examinations resulted in fierce social conflict. The Qing government established the Enke system to maintain social stability by controlling the intellectuals. Therefore, the Enke system was carefully implemented during Yongzheng and Qianlong Dynasty, which reinforced the control of the imperial examination system, but weakening the selection function of the imperial examination system. As a result, the imperial examination system and the education of Qing ran into deep crisis.

Key words: the Qing dynasty, education, the Enke system, functions of the imperial examination